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Microbiology Unit 1 > Lecture 7: Cocci > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Cocci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the top ten medically relevant cocci?

A 
Strep:
Group A, Group B
Pneumococci
Viridans
Enterococci

Staph:
S. aureus
S. epidermatis
S. saphrophyticus

Neisseria:
N. meningitides
N. gonnorhoeae

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1
Q

What are the three genuses of cocci?

A

Streptococci
Staphylococci
Neisseria

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2
Q

In what formation do staphylococci grow? Are they catalase + or - ?

A

Clumps

Catalase +

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3
Q

Which staphylococci are coagulase +?

A

S. Aureus

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4
Q

Which staphylococci are coagulase -?

A

S. Epidermatis

S. Saphrophyticus

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5
Q

Is S. Aureus hemolytic?

A

Yes. Beta hemolytic

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6
Q

Of which staphylococcus is protein A a virulence factor? What does it do?

A

A. Aureus

Binds immunoglobins

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7
Q

Does a. Aureus have a capsule?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Of which staphylococcus are the toxins coagulase, protein A, enterotoxemia, exfoliatin, leukocidin, and TSS toxin?

A

S. Aureus

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9
Q

What is the reservoir for S. Aureus?

A

~30% of people have it on skin and in nose

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10
Q

How is S. Aureus transferred?

A

Direct contact or through fomites

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11
Q

Is S. epidermatis coagulase + or -?

A

Coagulase -

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12
Q

Is S. Epidermidis hemolytic?

A

No

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13
Q

What is the reservoir of S. Epidermidis?

A

Normal flora of skin and mucous membranes

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14
Q

How is S. Epidermidis transmitted?

A

Attaches to nylon and plastic

Piercings, catheters, Shunts

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15
Q

Is s. Saphrophyticus coagulase + or -?

A

Coagulase -

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16
Q

Is S. Saphrophyticus hemolytic?

A

No

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17
Q

What staphylococci causes UTIs, but does so less frequently than does G- bacilli?

A

S. Saphrophyticus

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18
Q

Are staphylococci G+ or G-?

A

G+

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19
Q

Are streptococci G+ or G-?

A

G+

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20
Q

Are streptococci catalase + or -?

A

Catalase -

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21
Q

Which group of cocci is classified by lancefield group and have pili in the cell wall?

A

Streptococci

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22
Q

What does the lancefield group indicate?

A

Antisera to carbohydrate antigens of the cell wall

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23
Q

Which streptococci species have NO lancefield group?

A

Viridans, S. Pneumoniae, peptostreptococcus

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24
Q

What type of hemolysis does S. Pneumoniae show?

A

Alpha

25
Q

What structure is both an antigen and the virulence factor for S. Pneumoniae? How does it demonstrate both characteristics?

A

Polysaccharide capsule
Prevents phagocytosis
But stimulates opsonizing antibody

26
Q

What is the reservoir for S. Pneumoniae?

A

Throat of 5-50% of people

27
Q

What are the three species of Viridans streptococci?

A

S. Viridans
S. Sanguis
S. Mutans

28
Q

What type of hemolysis do Viridans streptococci show?

A

Alpha hemolysis

29
Q

Which species of streptococci are optochin resistant?

A

Viridans streptococci

30
Q

Enzymes which metabolize extracellular polysaccharides, and acids are virulence factors of which species of streptococci?

A

Viridans

31
Q

Where is Viridans streptococci’ natural reservoir?

A

Mouth

32
Q

What is one species of Group A strep?

A

S. Pyogenes

33
Q

Are groups A and B strep hemolytic?

A

Both are beta hemolytic

34
Q

Which group of streptococci - a or b - is resistant to bacitracin?

A

B is resistant

A is susceptible

35
Q

Pili, encoded by a pathogenicity island, M protein, and many toxins (streptokinase, streptodornase, hyaluronidase, pyrogenic toxin, eruthrogenic toxin) are virulence factors of which species of streptococci?

A

Group A strep

36
Q

Streptolysin O is used for what clinical purpose?

A

Diagnosis of strep A

37
Q

What is one species of group B strep?

A

A. Agalactiae

38
Q

Does group B strep test cAMP + or -?

A

cAMP+

39
Q

What is the main virulence factor of group B strep?

A

Capsule

40
Q

What are the reservoir and transmission of group b strep?

A

Vaginal tract of 25% women

Transmitted to baby before or at birth

41
Q

What type of hemolysis does enterococcus fecalis display?

A

None - non-hemolytic

42
Q

Where is enterococcus fecalis normally found, and what does it cause as a pathogen?

A

Normal flora of colon

Abdominal abscesses, UTI, endocarditis

43
Q

What type of hemolysis do peptostreptococci display?

A

None - non-hemolytic

44
Q

What are peptostreptococci’s normal reservoirs?

A

Mouth, resp tract, female genital tract, bowel

Not primary pathogens

45
Q

Which genus of cocci is G-?

A

Neisseria

46
Q

Which genus of cocci is grown on chocolate agar?

A

Neisseria

47
Q

Which genus of cocci are oxidase +, have LOS endotoxin in membrane, and use IgA protease to help attach to surfaces?

A

Neisseria

48
Q

Which species of neisseria ferments maltose and has a polysaccharide capsule?

A

N. Meningitides

49
Q

Which species of neisseria does not ferment maltose and lacks a capsule?

A

N. Gonnorhoeae

50
Q

What are the reservoir and transmission of n. Meningitides?

A

Respiratory tract of 5% of people

Transmitted by droplets

51
Q

Which species of neisseria have pili and can be found in neutrophils?

A

N. Gonnorhoeae

52
Q

What species is a G+ coccus, catalase+, coagulase +

A

S. aureus

only coagulase+ staph we have learned

53
Q

What coccus species is G+, coagulase-, bacitracin resistant

A

Group B strep

54
Q

What species is G- diplodocus and has pili?

A

N. Gonnorhoeae

55
Q

Which species is a G- diplococcus, has capsule, ferments maltose?

A

N. Meningitides

56
Q

Which species is G+ coccus, grows in chains?

A

Streptococci

57
Q

What species is G+ diplococcus, isolated from a patient with a cough

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

58
Q

What is a coccus, alpha-hemolytic, resistant to optochin?

A

Viridans streptococci

59
Q

What is a coccus, beta-hemolytic, CAMP+, isolated from neonate at autopsy?

A

Group B strep

Microbiology Unit 1 (15 decks)

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