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Microbiology Unit 1 > Lecture 5: Control Of Microorganisms: Infection Control, Sterilization, And Disinfection > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Control Of Microorganisms: Infection Control, Sterilization, And Disinfection Flashcards

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0
Q

What category of precautions is used whenever potential exposure to blood or body fluids exists? This includes clean hands, covering mouth, gown and gloves, and eye protection

A

Standard precaution

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1
Q

What are the steps in the chain of infection?

A

TRANSMISSION occurs when:
Agent leaves its RESERVOIR (host) through PORTAL OF EXIT
Conveyed by some MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Enters SUSCEPTIBLE HOST through PORTAL OF ENTRY

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2
Q

What category of precaution is taken for microorganisms smaller than 5microns?

A

Airborne (respiratory) precautions

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3
Q

What are examples of airborne/respiratory precautions?

A

N95 mask and gown
Private negative pressure room
Surgical masks

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4
Q

What size are droplets?

A

Larger than 5microns

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5
Q

MRSA, VRE, resistant Acinetobacter, ESBL gram negatives (multi-drug resistant), rotavirus, and scabies require what kinda of precautions?

A

Contact precautions

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6
Q

Are alcohol based hand washing products allowed for contact precautions?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What category of precautions includes c-Diff, acute diarrhea with recent antibiotic use or infectious cause, norovirus/rotovirus, and enteric infections (campylobacter, cryptosporidium, salmonella, shigella, E. Coli)?

A

Contact PLUS

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8
Q

Are alcohol based hand washing products allowed with contact PLUS precautions?

A

No

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9
Q

Why is reverse/protective isolation used?

A

Protect patient with compromised health from contamination

Mask, gloves, gown

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10
Q

What does sterilization do?

A

Eliminates all forms of microbial life

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11
Q

Can human tissue be sterilized?

A

No

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12
Q

What does disinfection do?

A

Eliminates all pathogenic microorganisms

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13
Q

What can’t disinfection eliminate?

A

Bacterial spores

Inanimate objects

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14
Q

What do three levels of disinfection represent?

A

Number of organisms eliminated
Required strength
(High, intermediate, low)

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15
Q

What does antisepsis do, and where does it work?

A 
Reduce microorganisms on living tissue/skin
Body surfaces
Internally (orally, urinary tract)
Externally (body surface)
On inanimate objects
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16
Q

What can’t antiseptics do?

A

Kill spores

Be used as disinfectants (don’t eliminate all pathogens)

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17
Q

What characterizes critical items for disinfection and sterilization?

A

Enter normally sterile parts of body

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18
Q

Critical items require which method of infection control? What kind of methods are used?

A

Sterilization by physical methods

19
Q

What characterizes semi critical items?

A

Come in contact with mucous membranes or non intact skin

20
Q

What type of infection control method do semi critical items require?

A

High level disinfectant

21
Q

How are noncritical items characterized?

A

Come in contact with skin but not mucous membranes

22
Q

What compounds can be used for infection control of noncritical items?

A

Alcohols, phenolics, halogens, quaternary ammonium compounds

23
Q

What is the most widely used method for sterilizing inanimate objects and why?

A

autoclaving
Highly effective
Quick

24
Q

Which physical sterilization technique is used for products which contain petroleum based liquids or could corrode or rust?

A

Dry heat sterilization

25
Q

How are single use medical supplies sterilized?

A

Gamma irradiation

26
Q

How are liquids which contain proteins, or other delicate compounds, sterilized?

A

Filtration (size-exclusion)

27
Q

What type of physical sterilization is used for porous items?

A

Gas sterilization

28
Q

What is an example of a volatile gas used in gas sterilization?

A

Ethylene oxide

29
Q

What are the advantages of plasma sterilization?

A

High penetration of medical lumens (tubes - endoscopes)
No residual activity
Quick
Can be kept next to procedure

30
Q

How does plasma sterilization work?

A

Enclosed chamber. Radio frequency or microwave energy is used to excite gas molecules of H2O2 or per-CH3COOH. Produces charged particles - free radicals. Disrupts the metabolism of microorganisms

31
Q

For what level disinfection are alcohols appropriate?

A

Intermediate and low level disinfection

32
Q

Do alcohols kill viruses?

A

MOST viruses

33
Q

Which halogenic compound can kill spores and TB at higher concentrations?

A

Chlorine/chlorine releasing compounds

34
Q

Do chlorine compounds kill viruses?

A

Yes

35
Q

What halogenic compounds are used for antisepsis of skin, mucous membranes, and wound sites? Give an example of a product.

A

Iodine and iodophors

Betadine (PVP)

36
Q

Which compound prevents regrowth of microorganisms for up to 6 hours?

A

Chlorohexidine

37
Q

pHisoHex is what kind of halogenic compound? What is it used for?

A

Phenolic compound

Showering before surgery

38
Q

Pine sol is an example of what type of halogenic compound?

A

Phenolics

39
Q

Which phenolic derivative has strong bacteriostatic action against G+ organisms (like staphylococci) but not many G-?

A

Hexachlorophine

40
Q

Which type of halogenic compounds are characterized as follows:
Lethal except to endospores, TB, and non-enveloped viruses
Surfactants, detergent activity
Antimicrobial and disinfectant

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

41
Q

Benzalkonium chloride is an example of what class of halogens?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

42
Q

What two alloy surfaces are used in infection control?

A

Silver and copper

43
Q

Which alloy surface kills 99.9% of G+ and G- bacteria within 2 hours of exposure?

A

Copper

44
Q

E. coli strains, MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), C-Diff, influenza A, adenovirus, and fungi are killed by which alloy surface?

A

Copper

Microbiology Unit 1 (15 decks)

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