Lecture 1: Intro To Med Micro

Question 0

What is the rate of change of bacterial DNA?

Answer 0

1% of sequence every 50 million years

Question 1

What DNA sequence is used to determine kingdom?

Answer 1

16sRNA gene

Question 2

What three processes lead to evolution of micro organisms?

Answer 2

1. Increasing complexity of genome and phylotype
2. Minor genetic changes
3. Natural selection within niches

Question 3

Minor genetic changes lead to what types of modifications?

Answer 3

Pathogenicity
Host range
Drug resistance

Question 4

Give two examples for which genetic changes lead to increased pathogenicity

Answer 4

Syphilis

Spanish flu 1918

Question 5

Give two examples for which genetic changes lead to decreased pathogenicity

Answer 5

Syphilis

Scarlet fever

Question 6

Give two examples of diseases for which genetic changes lead to different host ranges

Answer 6

AIDS - originally primates

SARS - originally civets or bats

Question 7

Cholera and TB have become rare due to what practices?

Answer 7

Improved public health
Cholera - clean water
TB - clean air

Question 8

Smallpox, polio, diphtheria, measles, mumps, and rubella have all become rare due to the development of what?

Answer 8

Vaccines

Question 9

What do stomach ulcers and cervical cancer have in common?

Answer 9

Well known but only recently recognized as infectious
Stomach ulcers 1980s
Cervical cancer 1990s

Question 10

What conditions of unknown etiology might be infectious?

Answer 10

Alzheimer's
MS
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Heart attacks and stroke