Lecture 7 Blood Homeostasis & Components Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the functions of blood (3)
- Distribution
- oxygen & nutrients
- carbon dioxide & waste - Regulation
- body temperature
- pH
- fluid volume - Protection
- against haemorrhage (fibrinogen)
- against infection (leukocytes/white blood cells)
What percentage of the total body mass is blood?
8% (5 litres)
Components of plasma
- blood is made up of 55% plasma
- Proteins 7% :Albumins 54%, Globulins 38%, Fibrinogen 7%, all others 1%
- Water 91.5%
- Other solutes 1.5%
Electrolytes, nutrients, gases, regulatory substances, vitamins, waste products
Formed elements of the blood
- make up 45% of the blood
- Platelets (150,000-400,000)
- White blood cells (5,000-10,000)
- Red blood cells (4.8-5.4 billion)
Components of blood with anticoagulant
-plasma (55%)
-buffy coat, composed of white blood cells & platelets
- red blood cells (45%)
Components of blood without anticoagulant
- serum (fibrogen depleted)
- buffy coat/layer
- clot (red blood cells & fibrins)
What are the 3 formed elements?
- Erythrocytes = red blood cells
- Leukocytes = white blood cells
- Thrombocytes = platelets
What are the percentages of different types of white blood cells in the blood? (5)
- Neutrophils 60-70%
- Lymphocytes 20-25%
- Monocytes 3-8%
- Eosinophils 2-4%
- Basophils 0.5-1.0%
What is haemopoiesis?
The production of blood cells
What is eosin stain?
Stains basic/alkali components red
(E.g. proteins - eosinophil - basic protein)
What does methylene blue stain?
Stains acidic components blue
(E.g. DNA)
What is Wrights’s stain?
Eosin + methylene blue
What do blood cells differentiate from
Pluripotent stem cell
What is erythropoietin’s & where does it occur ?
- The formation of red blood cells
- Occurs in the red bone marrow
What is erythropoietin ?
It stimulates erythrocyte formation and is produced in kidney
Features of Erythrocytes (RBCs) (6)
- Anuclear (no nucleus)
- Biconcave shape
- Contains haemoglobin (33% of weight)
- Oxygen transport/ carbon dioxide removal
- Make 2 million per second
- Last approx. 120 days
What is the Stain characteristic of Basophils ?
- Bilobed nucleus
- blue granules (histamine)
What are the stain characteristics of Eosinophils ?
- Bilobed nucleus
- Red granules (basic protein)
What are the stain characteristics of Neutrophils?
- multi-lobed nucleus
- few granules
What are the stain characteristics of monocytes?
- Horseshoe shaped nucleus
- large cells
What are the stain characteristics of platelets ?
- Not cells
- No nucleus, small
What are the 2 categories of leukocytes & what are the function of leukocytes?
- Granulocytes - granules in cytoplasm
- Agranulocytes - no granules in cytoplasm
Function: protection
Name the 3 Granulocytes & their functions?
- Neutrophils - phagocytes (engulf pathogens)- move to site of infection
- Eosinophils - allergic response & parasitic invasion
- Basophils - allergic, inflammatory response & parasite invasion
(release histamine during inflammation)
Name the Agranulocytes & describe their functions?
- Lymphocytes - immune response
- T-lymphocytes
- B-lymphocytes ( differentiated in plasma cells that produce antibodies) - Monocytes - differentiate into macrophages
Phagocytes & can recruit other elements of immune system