Lecture 3 Tissue Types & structure 1

Question 1

Glandular eptithelium
3 types of secretion

Answer 1

1. Merocrine
2. Apocrine
3. Holocrine

Question 2

Merocrine secretion

Answer 2

• Very common e.g goblet cells (produce mucus)

-Rough ER produces specialist proteins for secretion
-Golgi complex where they are modified usually by glycosylation
- Golgi vesicles travel to surface of cell and released

Question 3

Apocrine secretion

Answer 3

• Uncommon: prostate gland, lactating mammary glands, apocrine sweat glands
• pinched off portion of cell is secretion

Question 4

Holocrine secretion

Answer 4

Rarest - the sebaceous glands

• Mature cells die & becomes secretory product (entire cell disintegrates & whole cell becomes secretory product)

Question 5

Glandular epithelium - endocrine (4)

Answer 5

• Ductless, typically secrete hormones
• makes & releases products directly into blood
• product stays within body
• generally secretes hormones, adrenaline adrenal glands above kidney

Question 6

Glandular epithelium - Exocrine (4)

Answer 6

• makes &releases products, usually through a duct or opening
• products exit to body surfaces or cavities
• unicellular e.g. goblet cells secrete mucus, or multicellular (composed of many cells)
  -multicellular can be simple or compound

Question 7

Simple multicellular glands (5)

Answer 7

No branching
1. Simple tubular - large intestine
2. Simple branched tubular - gastric gland
3. Simple coiled tubular - sweat gland
4. Simple acinar/alveolar - not found in adult only development stage
5. Simple branched acinar - sebaceous gland

Question 8

Compound multicellular glands

Answer 8

Branching
- compound tubular (mucous glands)
- compound acinar (mammary gland)
-compound tubuloacinar (prostate gland)

Question 9

What are 6 functions of connective tissue ? (6)

Answer 9

1. Binds together, supports & strengthens other tissue
2. Protects & support internal organs
3. Compartmentalise (e.g. eye is enclosed by tunica fibrosa)
4. Major transport systems (blood)
5. Immune function (blood)
6. Energy storage (adipose tissue)

Question 10

5 types of connective tissue

Answer 10

1. Loose
2. Dense
3. Cartilage
4. Bone
5. Blood

Question 11

What does loose connective tissue do?

Answer 11

Holds organs, anatomical features & tissues in place

Question 12

What does dense connective tissue do?

Answer 12

Higher density of fibres, combines strength with elasticity

Question 13

Give 3 examples of diseases of the connective tissue

Answer 13

1. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome- overly flexible joints, tendons & ligaments to stretch too much- skin extraordinary stretchy- both humans & animals like cats & dogs
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
3. Lupus

Question 14

Areolar -loose connective tissue

Question 15

Adipose - loose connective tissue

Question 16

Reticular - loose connective tissue

Question 17

Regular - dense connective tissue

Question 18

Irregular - dense connective tissue

Question 19

Elastic -dense connective tissue

Question 20

Hyaline - cartilage

Question 21

Elastic - cartilage

Question 22

Fibrocartilage - cartilage

Question 23

Bone

Question 24

Blood

Answer 24

• Atypical connective tissue
• Red & white blood cells surrounded by fluid plasma matrix

Question 25

What does the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue consist of?

Answer 25

• ground substance ( amorphous gel-like substance in the extracellular space e.g. water & large organic molecules like glycoproteins)
• protein fibres

Question 26

3 types of protein fibre

Answer 26

1. Collagen - non-elastic, strong & flexible (commonest in body)
2. Elastic - ‘rubbery’- fibrillin & elastin
3. Reticular - thin & branched collagen with other proteins