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BIOL 122 > Lecture 2 Tissue Types & Structures 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Tissue Types & Structures 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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2
Q

What is epithelial cells origin?

A

Inside
Endoderm

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3
Q

Origin of nerve tissue

A

Outside
Ectoderm

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4
Q

Origin of connective and muscle tissue

A

Middle
Mesoderm

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5
Q

What are cell junctions & name the 5 different types?

A

Join cells in tissue - contact points between plasma membrane of tissue cells

  1. Tight
  2. Adherens
  3. Desmosome
  4. Hemidesmosome
  5. Gap
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6
Q

Tight junction structure & function

A
  • Adjacent plasma membranes
  • intercellular space
  • strands of transmembrane protein

Form seals

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7
Q

Adherens junction structure (5) & function

A

-adjacent plasma membranes
-microfilament (actin)
-plaque
-transmembrane glycoprotein (cadherin)
- intercellular space
-adhesion belt

Structural strength

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8
Q

Desmosome (5)

A
  • adjacent plasma membranes
    -intracellular space
    -plaque
  • transmembrane glycoprotein (cadherin)
    -intermediate filament (keratin)

Withstand intense mechanical stress

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9
Q

Hemidesmosome

A
  • intermediate filament(keratin)
  • plaque
  • transmembrane glycoprotein (integrin) in extracellular space
  • plasma membrane
  • Basement membrane

Anchor cells to extracellular matrix

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10
Q

Gap junction

A
  • adjacent plasma membranes
  • connexons (composed of connexins) (12 in total 6 on each side)
  • gap between cells

Gaps for rapid exchange

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11
Q

Functions of nervous tissue

A

Detects internal & external changes in conditions & acts to maintain homeostasis

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12
Q

What are 2 main cell types of nervous tissue & what do they do?

A
  1. Neurons - generate & conduct nerve impulses
    - cell body - nucleus & other organelles
    - dendrites - recieve signals
    - axons - conduction over long distance
  2. Neuroglia - non-conducting
    Insulate, support & protect neurons
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13
Q

What are the 3 different types of neuronal cells?

A
  1. Multipolar neuron - has many processes extending from cell body
  2. Bipolar neuron- has 2 processes extending from cell body
  3. Unipolar neuron - has 1 process extending from cell body
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14
Q

What can the central nervous system (CNS) be divided into?

A

Motor output ( somatic & autonomic)

Sensory input

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15
Q

What is the human brain responsible for? (4)

A
  • Cognition
  • learning
  • memory
  • somehow enables us to be ‘self-aware’
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16
Q

Function of muscle tissue

A

Generates physical force for movement

17
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
18
Q

Structure of skeleton muscle (5)

A
  1. Long, cylindrical cells containing peripheral nuclei
  2. Myofilament arrangement give tissue a striated appearance
  3. Attached to bones of skeleton
  4. Parallel fibres
  5. Voluntary - conscious control (somatic nervous system)
19
Q

Structure of Cardiac muscle (4)

A
  1. Found only in cell walls of heart
  2. Central nuclei
  3. Cells joined end-to-end intercalated discs
  4. Striated and involuntary
20
Q

Structure of Smooth muscle (4)

A
  1. No striations
  2. Cells thick in middle & taper at each end
  3. Central nucleus
  4. Found in walls of hollow structures (blood vessels, lung airways, intestines…)
21
Q

Epithelial tissue general points (5)

A
  1. Forms continuous sheets
  2. Functions: covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, forms glands…
  3. Avascular (few or no blood vessels)
  4. Innervated (nerves between epithelium tissue)
  5. Generally has a high proliferation potential (high rate of cell division)
22
Q

Function & location of Simple squamous

A

Function: includes filtration or exchange via diffusion

Location:
includes kidney,
capillaries,
alveoli,
lymphatic vessels

23
Q

Function & location of Simple Cuboidal

A

Function: secretion & absorption

Location:
includes kidney tubules,
small glands

24
Q

Function & location of Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar

A

Function: absorption & secretion

Location:
digestive tract,
gall bladder,
some excretory glands

25
Q

Function & location of Ciliated Simple Columnar epithelium

A

Function: moves mucous in lungs also eggs down fallopian tubules

Location:
Upper respiratory tract
Fallopian tubes…

26
Q

Function & location of Stratified Squamous epithelium

A

Function: protection from abrasion

Location:
Oesophagus (non-keratinised)
Epidermis (keratinised)

27
Q

Function & location of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Function: protection, secretion absorption

Location:
Large ducts of glands

28
Q

Function & location of stratified columnar epithelium

A

Function: protection, secretion

Location: examples include
Urethra
Ducts of some glands e.g. salivary gland

29
Q

Function & location of Transitional Epithelium

A

Function: permits distension

Location: urinary bladder
Ureters

BIOL 122 (12 decks)

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