Lecture 7

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

The production and exchange of
information by use of signs and symbols. The
processes involved include encoding, transmission,
reception (decoding) and synthesis of information
and meaning.

Question 2

Communication channel

Answer 2

The medium through which you transmit the information.

Question 3

Examples of communication channels…

Answer 3

Newspapers, TV, radio, internet, interpersonal communications, rallies.

Question 4

Aims of the use of media and communication in public health.

Answer 4

Provide info, influence behaviour, impact agendas.

Question 5

Encoding

Answer 5

Putting information into a code that will make sense for the

intended recipient to understand

Question 6

Decoding

Answer 6

Receiver interpreting the meaning of encoded information.

Question 7

Steps in the communication process…

Answer 7

Sender -> Encodes Info -> Receiver receives encoding info -> Receiver decodes info.

Question 8

Factors that impact the communication process…

Answer 8

Context of communication, relationship between sender and receiver, meaning attached to channel.

Question 9

Semiotics

Answer 9

The study of signs
and symbols and their use or
interpretation. The process of encoding and
decoding.

Question 10

Steps for health communication…

Answer 10

Determine message and encode for target population. Use most appropriate channel. Begin dissemination strategies. Follow-up.

Question 11

Often, change in the health behaviour of individuals requires change in _____.

Answer 11

The community.

Question 12

Community mobilization

Answer 12

Efforts that involve collective action by groups and community members to increase awareness about the problem, advocate for policy change, and engage in other activities to address the ecology of a health problem.

Question 13

Community empowerment.

Answer 13

Community takes charge of the issues defines what the goals are, and takes the necessary action.

Question 14

Key issues in mobilizing communities…

Answer 14

defining the community, assessing and working with the community, letting the community set the agenda, letting the community prioritize the issues.

Question 15

Organizational development

Answer 15

A philosophy and an approach to organizational change that view organizations as systems of human beings.

Question 16

Community engagement.

Answer 16

A wide variety of activities from
consultations with the public to
community development and
community capacity building. The goal
of Community Engagement is to
develop and enhance public
participation in health service planning
and decision-making, and raise
awareness within the health system
about community issues and concerns
that may not otherwise be apparent.

Question 17

Desirable traits of engagement

Answer 17

Working collaboratively, a balance of power between experts and communities, and collaboration between experts and communities.

Question 18

8 rungs on the Ladder of Citizen Participation

Answer 18

Manipulation, Therapy, Informing, Consultation, Placation, Partnership, Delegated Power, Citizen Control.

Question 19

Examples of nonparticipation on the ladder of citizen participation.

Answer 19

Manipulation and Therapy.

Question 20

Examples of Tokenism on the ladder of citizen participation.

Answer 20

Informing, Consultation, and Placation.

Question 21

Examples of Citizen Power on the ladder of citizen participation.

Answer 21

Partnership, Delegated Power and Citizen Control.

Question 22

Biological anthropology

Answer 22

focuses on health behavior

as a species adaptation to (or interaction with) an environment

Question 23

Cultural anthropology

Answer 23

understands and explains
health behavior as part of a pattern of living that integrates action with meaning, symbols, and values, as these are connected to a larger social structure. In other words, behavior cannot be separated from its larger context.

Question 24

Ethnomedical system

Answer 24

day-to-day understanding and actions related to health representing a set of beliefs.

Question 25

Culture

Answer 25

Shared and learned aspects of human cognition and behaviour that underlie our ability to interpret the world around us and to take meaningful action. An ongoing collective
framework, developed over time by human societies and groups, for integrating meaning with events, actions, and ways of life.

Question 26

Social suffering

Answer 26

whereby structural inequalities and power relations lead to the daily lived experience of various forms of violence and suffering

Question 27

Structural Violence

Answer 27

whereby political and economic forces inflict

suffering on bodies of the socially vulnerable