Lecture 7 Flashcards
Communication
The production and exchange of
information by use of signs and symbols. The
processes involved include encoding, transmission,
reception (decoding) and synthesis of information
and meaning.
Communication channel
The medium through which you transmit the information.
Examples of communication channels…
Newspapers, TV, radio, internet, interpersonal communications, rallies.
Aims of the use of media and communication in public health.
Provide info, influence behaviour, impact agendas.
Encoding
Putting information into a code that will make sense for the
intended recipient to understand
Decoding
Receiver interpreting the meaning of encoded information.
Steps in the communication process…
Sender -> Encodes Info -> Receiver receives encoding info -> Receiver decodes info.
Factors that impact the communication process…
Context of communication, relationship between sender and receiver, meaning attached to channel.
Semiotics
The study of signs
and symbols and their use or
interpretation. The process of encoding and
decoding.
Steps for health communication…
Determine message and encode for target population. Use most appropriate channel. Begin dissemination strategies. Follow-up.
Often, change in the health behaviour of individuals requires change in _____.
The community.
Community mobilization
Efforts that involve collective action by groups and community members to increase awareness about the problem, advocate for policy change, and engage in other activities to address the ecology of a health problem.
Community empowerment.
Community takes charge of the issues defines what the goals are, and takes the necessary action.
Key issues in mobilizing communities…
defining the community, assessing and working with the community, letting the community set the agenda, letting the community prioritize the issues.
Organizational development
A philosophy and an approach to organizational change that view organizations as systems of human beings.
Community engagement.
A wide variety of activities from consultations with the public to community development and community capacity building. The goal of Community Engagement is to develop and enhance public participation in health service planning and decision-making, and raise awareness within the health system about community issues and concerns that may not otherwise be apparent.
Desirable traits of engagement
Working collaboratively, a balance of power between experts and communities, and collaboration between experts and communities.
8 rungs on the Ladder of Citizen Participation
Manipulation, Therapy, Informing, Consultation, Placation, Partnership, Delegated Power, Citizen Control.
Examples of nonparticipation on the ladder of citizen participation.
Manipulation and Therapy.
Examples of Tokenism on the ladder of citizen participation.
Informing, Consultation, and Placation.
Examples of Citizen Power on the ladder of citizen participation.
Partnership, Delegated Power and Citizen Control.
Biological anthropology
focuses on health behavior
as a species adaptation to (or interaction with) an environment
Cultural anthropology
understands and explains
health behavior as part of a pattern of living that integrates action with meaning, symbols, and values, as these are connected to a larger social structure. In other words, behavior cannot be separated from its larger context.
Ethnomedical system
day-to-day understanding and actions related to health representing a set of beliefs.
Culture
Shared and learned aspects of human cognition and behaviour that underlie our ability to interpret the world around us and to take meaningful action. An ongoing collective
framework, developed over time by human societies and groups, for integrating meaning with events, actions, and ways of life.
Social suffering
whereby structural inequalities and power relations lead to the daily lived experience of various forms of violence and suffering
Structural Violence
whereby political and economic forces inflict
suffering on bodies of the socially vulnerable
