Lecture 4 Flashcards
Focus of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behaviour…
theoretical attempt to capture the relationship between people’s attitudes and their behaviour. It also focuses on rational, cognitive decision-making processes.
Critiques of the Stage Models
People don’t always go through a fix set of stages in a linear fashion. Hard to measure change. Weak emphasis on organizational/cultural/social factors. Arbitrary lines dividing stages.
Attitude (Theory of Planned Behaviour)
Personal evaluation of the behaviour.
In the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behaviour, behavioural beliefs and evaluation of behavioural outcomes creates?
Attitudes toward behaviour.
The Health Belief Model focuses on…
the attitudes and beliefs of individuals.
Subjective Norm (Theory of Planned Behaviour)
Beliefs about whether key people approve or disapprove of the behaviour; motivation to behave in a way that gains their approval.
Self-efficacy (HBM)
Confidence in one’s ability to take action
Why is the Trans-theoretical Model still popular?
It provides a simple box-type model that is easy to understand and fits with common sense ideas. Allows for positive conclusions to be drawn about interventions even when these have not resulted in behaviour change. Easy to study.
In the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behaviour, normative beliefs and motivation to comply creates?
Subjective norms
In a Value Expectancy Theory, behaviour is generally viewed as related to…
The subjective value of the outcome. The subjective probability or expectation that an action will achieve the outcome.
Examples of critiques of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Assumes that behaviour is the output of rational, linear decision making. Time between intent and action is not considered.
Maintenance (Trans-theoretical Model)
Striving to maintain change, prevent relapse.
In the Theory of Planned Behaviour, control beliefs and perceived power creates?
Perceived behavioural control.
What element was added to the Theory of Reasoned Action to create the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
Perceived behavioural control
Critiques of the Health Belief Model
Focus is on the individual (doesn’t account for social and environmental factors), assumes everyone has equal access to information to make cost-benefit calculations, and it does not account for disparities in knowledge.
Precontemplation (Trans-theoretical Model)
No intent to take action or change behaviour. Aka ambivalence.
Preparation (Trans-theoretical Model)
Intention to take action in the immediate future.
Perceived barriers (HBM)
Beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action.
In the Health Belief Model, people will take action to prevent/screen/control a condition if:
they believe they are susceptible, they believe the condition and consequences are severe, they perceive that taking action has some benefit, and they perceived barriers to taking the action are low. Also, there needs to be cues to action and a person must believe they can do the behaviour and produce the desired outcome.
Perceived susceptibility (HBM)
Belief about the chances of getting a condition
Perceived severity (HBM)
Beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and its consequences.
People change voluntarily only when they…
become concerned, become convinced, organize a plan of action that they are committed to, and take action.
Stages in the Precaution Adoption Process Model
Unaware of issue. Unengaged by issue. Deciding about acting. Decision not to act. Decision to act. Acting. Maintenance.
What fields does the Health Belief Model have its roots in?
Behaviourist and cognitive psychology.
How are behavioural and normative beliefs linked to behavioral intentions and the behavior itself in the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
A linear chair.
Termination (Trans-theoretical Model)
Individual no longer succumbs to temptation and has self-efficacy about maintenance.
What was missing from the Theory of Reasoned Action? Why did they change it to the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
It didn’t account for external factors that may prevent someone from taking a specific action.
Cues of action (HBM)
Factors that activate “readiness to change”
Action (Trans-theoretical Model)
A specific, relevant modification in behaviour is made.
Perceived benefits (HBM)
Beliefs about the effectiveness of taking action to reduce risk or seriousness.
The Theory of Reasoned Action argues that an individual will perform an action based on…
their attitude toward performing the behaviour and the subjective norm associated with the behaviour.
Steps in the Stages of Change Model
Precontemplation, contemplation, planning, action, maintenance, relapse, termination.
Behavioural Intention (Theory of Planned Behaviour)
Perceived likelihood of performing behaviour.
What element does The Cycle of Change Model/Spiral of Change Model add to the Stages of Change and Trans-theoretical models?
Upward spiral: each time a person goes through the cycle, they learn from each relapse and grow stronger so that relapse os shorter or less devastating.
Steps in the Trans-theoretical Model
Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.
Perceived behavioural control (Theory of Planned Behaviour)
Belief that one has, and can exercise, control over performing the behaviour.
Contemplation (Trans-theoretical Model)
Intention to change, maybe within the next six months.
