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HSCI 312: Health Promotion > Glanz & Rimer - Part 2 > Flashcards

Glanz & Rimer - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), what is the most important determinant of behaviour?

A

Behavioural intention.

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2
Q

Expectations (Social Cognitive Theory)

A

Anticipated outcomes of a behaviour

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3
Q

Precaution Adoption Model

A

7 distinct stages in the journey from lack of awareness to adoption and/or maintenance of a behaviour.

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4
Q

Relevance (community organization)

A

Community organizing that starts where the people are, activating participants to address issues that are important to them.

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5
Q

Preparation (Stages of Change Model)

A

Intends to take action within the next thirty days and has taken some behavioural steps in this direction.

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6
Q

Five stages in the Stages of Change Model

A

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

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7
Q

Communication channels (Diffusion of Innovations Theory)

A

The means of transmitting the new idea from one person to another.

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8
Q

What factors determine how quickly, and to what extent, an innovation will be adopted and diffused?

A

Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability.

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9
Q

What is a potential change strategy during the Precontemplation stage? (Stages of Change Model)

A

Increasing awareness of need for change. Personalized information about risks and benefits.

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10
Q

Stages of the Precaution Adoption Model

A

Unaware of issue. Unengaged by issue. Deciding about acting. Decided Not to act. Decided to act. Acting. Maintenance.

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11
Q

The media

A

Interconnected, large scale organizations the gather, process, and disseminate news, information, entertainment, and advertising worldwide.

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12
Q

Communication Theory describes…

A

… how different types of communication affect health behavior.

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13
Q

Compatibility (Key attributes affecting the speed and extent of an innovation’s diffusion)

A

An appropriate fit with the intended audience

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14
Q

Three general types of community organizing:

A

Locality development, social planning, social action.

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15
Q

Action (Stages of Change Model)

A

Has changed behaviour for less than six months.

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16
Q

Diffusion of Innovation Theory addresses…

A

… how ideas, products, and social practises that are perceived as “new” spread throughout a society or from one society to another.

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17
Q

Which theory did Social Cognitive Theory evolve from?

A

Social Learning Theory

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18
Q

Time (Diffusion of Innovations Theory)

A

How long it takes to adopt the innovation

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19
Q

The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) explores the relationships between…

A

Behaviour and beliefs, attitudes, and intention.

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20
Q

Generalized learning

A

In addition to the message Self, people are persuaded about concepts related to the message.

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21
Q

Critical consciousness (community organization)

A

Awareness of social, political, and economic forces that contribute to social problems.

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22
Q

Precontemplation (Stages of Change Model)

A

Has no intention of taking action within the next six months

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23
Q

Framing

A

A process in which someone tells the audience what aspect of the story is important.

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24
Q

Self-efficacy (Social Cognitive Theory)

A

Confidence in one’s ability to take action and overcome barriers

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25
Q

What does the Social Cognitive Theory explore and describe?

A

It explores the reciprocal interactions of people and their environments, and the psychosocial determinants of health behaviour. It describes a dynamic, ongoing process in which personal factors, environmental factors, and human behaviour exert influence upon each other.

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26
Q

According to Social Cognitive Theory, which three main factors affect the likelihood that a person will change a health behaviour?

A

Self-efficacy, goals, and outcome expectancies.

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27
Q

Social diffusion

A

Messages stimulate discussion among social groups, thereby affecting beliefs.

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28
Q

How does the social action model differ from other forms of community intervention?

A

It is grassroots-based, conflict oriented, and geared to mobilizing disadvantage people to act on their own behalf.

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29
Q

Reciprocal determinism (Social Cognitive Theory)

A

The dynamic interaction of the person, behaviour, and the environment in which the behaviour is performed.

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30
Q

Behavioural Capability (Social Cognitive Theory)

A

Knowledge and skills to perform a given behaviour.

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31
Q

Social planning

A

Task oriented. Stresses problem-solving and usually relies heavily on expert practitioners.

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32
Q

Which theories and perspectives work well with community organization?

A

And ecological perspective, social cognitive theory based strategies, social networks and social support theories, and social systems theory.

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33
Q

Subjective Norm (Theory of Planned Behaviour)

A

Beliefs about whether key people approve or disapprove of the behaviour motivation to behave in a way that gains their approval.

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34
Q

Relative advantage (Key attributes affecting the speed and extent of an innovation’s diffusion)

A

Shows it’s superiority over whatever it replaces

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35
Q

What influences a person’s attitude toward performing a behaviour in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)?

A

A person’s attitude toward performing a behaviour and subjective norms

36
Q

What does Social Learning Theory assert?

A

People learn not only from their own experiences, but by observing the actions of others and the benefits of those actions.

37
Q

What is a potential change strategy during the Action stage? (Stages of Change Model)

A

Feedback, problem solving, social support, and reinforcements.

38
Q

What is a potential change strategy during the Preparation stage? (Stages of Change Model)

A

Assist with developing and implementing concrete action plans; help set gradual goals.

39
Q

At the interpersonal level, what do theories of health behaviour assume?

A

That individuals exist within, and are influenced by, a social environment.

40
Q

What is a potential change strategy during the Maintenance stage? (Stages of Change Model)

A

Assist with coping, reminders, finding alternatives, avoiding slips/relapses.

41
Q

Innovation (Diffusion of Innovations Theory)

A

An idea, object, or practice that is thought to be new by an individual, organization, or community.

42
Q

The Precaution Adoption Model prompts practitioners to develop intervention strategies that take into account…

A

the stages that precede active decision-making.

43
Q

What is one of the most frequently used and robust health behaviour theories?

A

The Social Cognitive Theory.

44
Q

Community Organization and Other Participatory Models emphasize…

A

… community driven approach to assessing and solving health and social problems.

45
Q

Social system (Diffusion of Innovations Theory)

A

A group of individuals who together adopt the innovation

46
Q

Is the Stages of Change Model linear or circular?

A

Circular

47
Q

Basic premise of the Stages of Change Model

A

Behaviour change is a process, not an event.

48
Q

What are the possible paths through which a health communication message can influence someone’s beliefs and/or behaviors.

A

Immediate learning, delayed learning, generalized learning, social diffusion, and institutional diffusion.

49
Q

Diffusion of Innovations Theory addresses…

A

… how new ideas, products, and social practises spread within an organization, community, or society, or from one society to another.

50
Q

Media advocacy

A

Involves using the mass media strategically to advance public policies.

51
Q

Delayed learning

A

The impact of the message is not processed until sometime after it has been conveyed.

52
Q

What does media advocacy seek to do?

A

Balance news coverage by framing issues to emphasize social, economic, and political – rather than personal and behavioural - influences on health.

53
Q

Observability (Key attributes affecting the speed and extent of an innovation’s diffusion)

A

Reflects whether the Innovacion will produce tangible results.

54
Q

Complexity (Key attributes affecting the speed and extent of an innovation’s diffusion)

A

How easy it is to implement the innovation

55
Q

Issue selection (community organization)

A

Identifying immediate, specific, and realizable targets for change that unify and build community strength.

56
Q

Contemplation (Stages of Change Model)

A

Intends to take action in the next six months.

57
Q

Public health communications

A

The scientific development, strategic dissemination, and evaluation of relevant, acute, accessible, and understandable health information, communicated to and from intended audience is to advance the publics health.

58
Q

Trialability (Key attributes affecting the speed and extent of an innovation’s diffusion)

A

Pertains to whether an innovation could be tried on an experimental basis.

59
Q

How does the Theory of Planned Behaviour differ from the Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

The Theory of Planned Behaviour includes an additional construct: perceived behavioural control.

60
Q

Strict definition of community organizing assume…

A

… that the community itself identifies with the problems to address.

61
Q

Institutional diffusion

A

Messages instigate a response from public institutions that reinforces the message’s impact on the target audience.

62
Q

What is a potential change strategy during the Contemplation stage? (Stages of Change Model)

A

Motivation. Encouraging someone to make specific plans.

63
Q

Whose priorities should community organizing projects start with?

A

The community’s priorities, rather than externally imposed agenda.

64
Q

What is seen as motivation for action in a social action approach to community organizing?

A

Self interest

65
Q

Perceived Behavioural Control (Theory of Planned Behaviour)

A

Belief that one has, and can exercise, control over performing the behaviour.

66
Q

Two-step flow of communication

A

Information flows from the mass media to opinion leaders to the general public.

67
Q

Participation (community organization)

A

Engagement of community members as equal partners; reflects the principle, “never do for others what they can do for themselves”

68
Q

Diffusion of innovation

A

The process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels overtime among the members of a social system.

69
Q

When applied to public health, what is the central question theories of communication seek to answer?

A

How do you communication processes contribute to, or discourage, behaviour change?

70
Q

Media effects

A

The outcomes of media dissemination of ideas, images, themes, and stories.

71
Q

Behavioural Intention (Theory of Planned Behaviour)

A

Perceived likelihood of performing behaviour.

72
Q

Social action

A

Both process and task oriented. It’s goals are to increase the community capacity to solve problems and to achieve concrete changes that redress social injustices.

73
Q

Community capacity (community organization)

A

Characteristics of a community that allow it to identify social problems and address them.

74
Q

Observational Learning (modeling) (Social Cognitive Theory)

A

Behavioural acquisition that occurs by watching the actions and outcomes of other’s behaviour.

75
Q

Reinforcements (Social Cognitive Theory)

A

Responses to a person’s behaviour that increase or decrease the likelihood of recurrence

76
Q

Agenda setting

A

Involves setting the media agenda (what is covered), the public agenda (what people think about), and the policy agenda (regulatory or legislative actions on issues).

77
Q

Maintenance (Stages of Change Model)

A

Has changes behaviour for more than six months.

78
Q

Why is perceived behavioural control important?

A

if a person believes that they have a high degree of control over a behaviour, they might try higher to perform it.

79
Q

Attitude (Theory of Planned Behaviour)

A

Personal evaluation of the behaviour.

80
Q

Five categories of adopters

A

Innovators, early adopters, early majority adopters, late majority adopters, and laggards.

81
Q

Locality development a.k.a. community development

A

Process oriented. With the aim of developing group identity and cohesion, it focusses on building consensus and capacity.

82
Q

The root of most health problems according to media advocacy is…

A

… not that people lack information, but that they like the power to change social and economic conditions.

83
Q

Empowerment (community organization)

A

A social action process through which individuals, organizations, or communities gain confidence and skills to improve their quality of life.

84
Q

Immediate learning

A

People learn directly from the message

85
Q

What are the key concepts in the Diffusion of Innovation Theory?

A

Innovation, communication channels, social system, and time.

HSCI 312: Health Promotion (12 decks)

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