Glanz & Rimer - Part 1

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

Presents a systematic way of understanding events or situations. It is a set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain or predict these events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables. Theories are broad and abstract.

Question 2

Concepts

Answer 2

The building blocks of a theory

Question 3

Constructs

Answer 3

Concepts developed or adapted for use in a particular theory

Question 4

Variables

Answer 4

The operational forms of constructs. They define the way a construct is to be measured in a specific situation.

Question 5

Models

Answer 5

They draw on a number of theories to help understand a particular problem in a certain setting or context.

Question 6

Conceptual framework/theoretical framework

Answer 6

Theories that are not highly developed or have not been rigorously tested.

Question 7

Explanatory theory

Answer 7

Describes the reasons why a problem exists

Question 8

Examples of explanatory theories

Answer 8

The health belief model, the theory of planned behavior, and the precaution adoption process model.

Question 9

Change theory

Answer 9

Guides the development of health interventions

Question 10

Examples of change theories

Answer 10

Community organization and diffusion of innovation’s

Question 11

What are characteristics of a useful theory?

Answer 11

Logical, consistent with every day observations, similar to those used in previous successful programs, and supported by past research in the same area or related ideas.

Question 12

Ecological perspective

Answer 12

Emphasizes the interaction between, and the interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem. It highlights peoples interactions with their physical and socio-cultural environments.

Question 13

Two key concepts of the ecological perspective?

Answer 13

Behaviour affects, and is affected by, multiple levels of influence. And, individual behaviour both shapes, and is shaped by, the social environment (called reciprocal causation).

Question 14

Five levels of influence for health related behaviours and conditions (ecological perspective)

Answer 14

Intra-personal or individual factors. Interpersonal factors. Institutional or organizational factors. Community factors. Public policy factors.

Question 15

Intra-personal level (ecological perspective)

Answer 15

Individual characteristics that influence behavior, such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personal traits.

Question 16

Interpersonal level (ecological perspective)

Answer 16

Interpersonal processes in primary groups, including family, friends, and peers to provide social identity, support, and role definition

Question 17

Community level factors (ecological perspective)

Answer 17

Institutional factors, community factors, public policy.

Question 18

Institutional factors (ecological perspective)

Answer 18

Rules, regulations, policies, and informal structures, which made constrain or promote recommended behaviours

Question 19

Community factors (ecological perspective)

Answer 19

Social networks and norms, or standards, which exist as formal or informal among individuals, groups, and organizations.

Question 20

Public policy (ecological perspective)

Answer 20

Local, state, and federal policies and laws that regulate or support healthy actions and practises for disease prevention, early detection, control, and management.

Question 21

At the individual and interpersonal levels, contemporary theories of health behaviour can be broadly categorized as…

Answer 21

Cognitive-behavioural

Question 22

Three key concepts of cognitive behavioural theories…

Answer 22

1. Behaviour is mediated by cognitions
2. Knowledge is necessary for, but not sufficient to produce, most behavioural changes.
3. Perceptions, motivations, skills, and social environment are key influences on behavior.

Question 23

Three levels of influence (ecological perspective)

Answer 23

Intrapersonal level, interpersonal level, community level.

Question 24

Intrapersonal factors

Answer 24

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, motivation, self-concept, developmental history, past experience, and skills.

Question 25

The health belief model

Answer 25

Address is the individuals perceptions of the threat posed by health problem (susceptibility, severity), The benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act (barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy).

Question 26

The stages of change (transtheoretical) model

Answer 26

Describes individuals motivation and readiness to change a behavior.

Question 27

The theory of planned behaviour

Answer 27

Examines the relations between an individual’s beliefs, attitudes, intentions, behavior, and perceived control over that behavior.

Question 28

The precaution adoption process model

Answer 28

Names seven stages in an individuals journey from awareness to action. It begins with lack of awareness and advances through subsequent stages of becoming aware, deciding whether or not to act, acting, and maintaining the behavior.

Question 29

What is one of the earliest theories of health behavior?

Answer 29

The health belief model

Question 30

What is one of the most widely recognized health behaviour theories?

Answer 30

The health belief model

Question 31

According to the health belief model, which six main constructs influence people’s decisions about whether to take action to prevent, screen for, and control illness?

Answer 31

Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy.

Question 32

Perceived susceptibility

Answer 32

Beliefs about the chances of getting a condition.

Question 33

Perceived severity

Answer 33

Beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and its consequences.

Question 34

Perceived benefits

Answer 34

Beliefs about the effectiveness of taking action to reduce risk or seriousness.

Question 35

Perceived barriers

Answer 35

Beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action

Question 36

Cues to action

Answer 36

Factors that activate readiness to change

Question 37

Self efficacy

Answer 37

Confidence in one’s ability to take action