Glanz & Rimer - Part 1 Flashcards
Theory
Presents a systematic way of understanding events or situations. It is a set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain or predict these events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables. Theories are broad and abstract.
Concepts
The building blocks of a theory
Constructs
Concepts developed or adapted for use in a particular theory
Variables
The operational forms of constructs. They define the way a construct is to be measured in a specific situation.
Models
They draw on a number of theories to help understand a particular problem in a certain setting or context.
Conceptual framework/theoretical framework
Theories that are not highly developed or have not been rigorously tested.
Explanatory theory
Describes the reasons why a problem exists
Examples of explanatory theories
The health belief model, the theory of planned behavior, and the precaution adoption process model.
Change theory
Guides the development of health interventions
Examples of change theories
Community organization and diffusion of innovation’s
What are characteristics of a useful theory?
Logical, consistent with every day observations, similar to those used in previous successful programs, and supported by past research in the same area or related ideas.
Ecological perspective
Emphasizes the interaction between, and the interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem. It highlights peoples interactions with their physical and socio-cultural environments.
Two key concepts of the ecological perspective?
Behaviour affects, and is affected by, multiple levels of influence. And, individual behaviour both shapes, and is shaped by, the social environment (called reciprocal causation).
Five levels of influence for health related behaviours and conditions (ecological perspective)
Intra-personal or individual factors. Interpersonal factors. Institutional or organizational factors. Community factors. Public policy factors.
Intra-personal level (ecological perspective)
Individual characteristics that influence behavior, such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personal traits.
Interpersonal level (ecological perspective)
Interpersonal processes in primary groups, including family, friends, and peers to provide social identity, support, and role definition
Community level factors (ecological perspective)
Institutional factors, community factors, public policy.
Institutional factors (ecological perspective)
Rules, regulations, policies, and informal structures, which made constrain or promote recommended behaviours
Community factors (ecological perspective)
Social networks and norms, or standards, which exist as formal or informal among individuals, groups, and organizations.
Public policy (ecological perspective)
Local, state, and federal policies and laws that regulate or support healthy actions and practises for disease prevention, early detection, control, and management.
At the individual and interpersonal levels, contemporary theories of health behaviour can be broadly categorized as…
Cognitive-behavioural
Three key concepts of cognitive behavioural theories…
- Behaviour is mediated by cognitions
- Knowledge is necessary for, but not sufficient to produce, most behavioural changes.
- Perceptions, motivations, skills, and social environment are key influences on behavior.
Three levels of influence (ecological perspective)
Intrapersonal level, interpersonal level, community level.
Intrapersonal factors
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, motivation, self-concept, developmental history, past experience, and skills.
The health belief model
Address is the individuals perceptions of the threat posed by health problem (susceptibility, severity), The benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act (barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy).
The stages of change (transtheoretical) model
Describes individuals motivation and readiness to change a behavior.
The theory of planned behaviour
Examines the relations between an individual’s beliefs, attitudes, intentions, behavior, and perceived control over that behavior.
The precaution adoption process model
Names seven stages in an individuals journey from awareness to action. It begins with lack of awareness and advances through subsequent stages of becoming aware, deciding whether or not to act, acting, and maintaining the behavior.
What is one of the earliest theories of health behavior?
The health belief model
What is one of the most widely recognized health behaviour theories?
The health belief model
According to the health belief model, which six main constructs influence people’s decisions about whether to take action to prevent, screen for, and control illness?
Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy.
Perceived susceptibility
Beliefs about the chances of getting a condition.
Perceived severity
Beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and its consequences.
Perceived benefits
Beliefs about the effectiveness of taking action to reduce risk or seriousness.
Perceived barriers
Beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action
Cues to action
Factors that activate readiness to change
Self efficacy
Confidence in one’s ability to take action
