Lecture 7 & 8 Flashcards
means that the vocal cords vibrate while producing the sound
voiced
are made without vocal cord vibration/ the vocal cords do not vibrate when producing the sound
voiceless
voiceless sounds
[p] pat
[f] fan
[θ] bath
[t] tip
[s] sip
[ʃ] lush
[ʧ] chin
[k] back
voiced sounds
[b] bat
[v] van
[ð] bathe
[d] dip
[z] zip
[ʒ] luge, pleasure
[ʤ] badge
[ɡ] bag
Open velum; air flows through nasal cavity
Nasal
Velum closed oral air-flow only
Oral
Bilabial
lips together ([p] pat [b] bat [m] mat)
Labiodental
Bottom lip and upper teeth ([f] fan [v] van)
Interdental
tongue between teeth ([θ] bath [ð] bathe)
Alveolar
Tip of the tongue and alveolar ridge ([t] tin [d] din [n] nine [s] sap [z] zap [l] lap [r] rap)
Retroflex
tip of tongue curled back
Postalveolar
tongue body and back of the alveolar ridge ([ʃ] shine [ʒ] treasure [ʧ] chimes [ʤ] judge)
Palatal
tongue body and hard palate ([j] yes)
Velar
Back of the tongue and soft palate (the velum) ([k] back [ɡ] bag [ŋ] bang)
Uvular
Tongue back raised towards uvula (uvular stops [q] and [G] occur in (e.g.) Arabic)
Pharyngeal
back of tongue interacts with pharynx
___________ sounds pronounced in the lower pharynx
Epiglottal
Glottal
vocal folds together ([h] hip [ʔ] uh-oh!)
How narrow the mouth is at the place of the
sound
closure
complete closure in mouth or glottis,
creating a build up of pressure followed by a
release
Stops
why are Nasal consonants stops?
because they involve oral closure
Oral stops are also called ____________.
plosives
like a brief stop, with no build up of
pressure
flap or tap
A vibration of one articulator against
another
Trills
opening too narrow for the air to flow smoothly;
this creates turbulence
Fricative
a stop with a fricative release
Affricate
examples of affricates?
[ʧ] watch
[ʤ] judge
Relatively slight closure
Approximants
What are the type of approximants?
Liquids and glide
examples of liquid
[l] lip [ɹ] rip
examples of glide
[j] yes [w] weather
[l] and [ɹ] are both ______________?
voiced alveolar oral approximates
[ɹ] is a _________ consonant
central
[l] is a __________ consonant
lateral
Air is released over the center of the tongue
central consonants
Air is released along the sides
lateral consonants
What are some things to be aware of ?
Upper and lower case matters, Some consonant symbols don’t represent the sounds you might expect!
How many consonant phonemes does English have?
20
When would we use slashes? ex: /tɑp/, /stɑp/, /pɑt/
if we only care about the basic phoneme
When would we use square brackets? ex; [tʰɑp ̚ ], [stɑp ̚ ], [pʰɑt ̚], [ˈsɪɾi]
If we care about the details
