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Neuroscience > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three systems of the nervous system?

A

CNS, PNS, enteric nervous system (involved in controlling GI tract)

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2
Q

What is an example of PNS cells lying in the CNS?

A

Neurons innervating muscle (motoneurons)

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3
Q

How many pairs of peripheral nerves enter/exit the brain and spinal cord?

A

43

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4
Q

How can you find the C8?

A

Bump on neck

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5
Q

How can you find the T1?

A

Sticks out further

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6
Q

What are the cranial, thoracic, lumbar and sacral nerves called?

A

Cranial: C1-C8
Thoracic: T1-T12
Lumbar: L1-L5
Sacral: S1-S5

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7
Q

Which spinal nerves are fused together?

A

sacral

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8
Q

Do cranial and spinal nerves have a round cross-section?

A

no; flattened

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9
Q

Where are the cell bodies located?

A

in the spinal cord

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10
Q

What are neurovascular bundles?

A

Bundled axons wrapped by endoneurium, bundled by perineurium, bundled by epineurium with blood vessels

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11
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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12
Q

What does the ocular motor nerve do?

A

Moves eye muscle

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13
Q

What does the Abducens control and which bits are sensory/motor?

A

Lateral rectus

1 motor bit while others are sensory

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14
Q

Wht does the facial nerve control and which bits are sensory/motor?

A

Facial expression

1 sensory bit while others are motor

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15
Q

What does the one sensory bit of the facial nerve control?

A

Corda timpani

Taste nerve in anterior 2/3 of tongue

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16
Q

What does the vestibulocochlear innervate?

A

Vestibular and cochlear system

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17
Q

Which cranial nerves leave the forebrain?

A

I and II

18
Q

Which cranial nerves leave from the brainstem?

A

III to XII (XI + spinal cord)

19
Q

Which nerve contains 80% of PNS outflow?

A

Vagus nerve (X)

20
Q

Where do the nerves of the sympathetic nervous system originate from?

A

T1-T2 and L1-L3 of spinal cord

21
Q

Which type of neuron originates from the T1-T2 and L1-L3?

A

Preganglionic neuron

22
Q

What forms a lump in the PNS?

A

Ganglia collections of neurone soma

23
Q

What is the sympathetic chain?

A

Ganglion form a chain along the length of the thoracic spinal cord

24
Q

What can the T1 ganglion be fused with?

A

infused cervical gang

25
Q

How do the fibers reach the ganglia?

A

White rami (short myelinated nerves)

26
Q

Do the white rami just travel through the sympathetic trunk?

A

No; they also travel through splanchnic nerves to prevertebral ganglia

27
Q

What does innervation of the viscera lead to?

A

Vasoconstriction
Bronchiodilation
Glandular secretion
Reduced gut motility

28
Q

Where do the signals go in the white rami?

A

Up the root

29
Q

Where do the axons reach in the somatic neurons?

A

Go straight to muscle

30
Q

Where do the axons reach from the autonomic nervous system?

A

Motor axons connect with another cell in a ganglion, this cell innervates muscle or gland
Pre-ganglionic axons myelinated
Post-ganglionic axons are not

31
Q

Where are the sympathetic ganglia near?

A

Spinal cord

32
Q

Where are the parasympathetic ganglia near?

A

Targets; 1:4+ = pre: post-ganglionic

33
Q

What type of ganglia form the sympathetic chain?

A

Paravertebral ganglia

34
Q

In the sympathetic system the _ fibers are short

A

pre-ganglionic

35
Q

In the parasympathetic system the _ fibers are long

A

pre-ganglionic

36
Q

The parasympathetic chain does not exist. How do the parasympathetic ganglia spread?

A

Spread all over the place close to targets or embedded so they are very short

37
Q

How many postganglionic neurons can one preganglionic sympathetic axon synapse with?

A

20; and can innervate several effectors

38
Q

How many postganglionic neurons can one preganglionic parasympathetic axon synapse with?

A

4-5; all supply same effector

39
Q

What receptors do sympathetic and parasympathetic pre-ganglions use?

A

ACh and N2 receptors

40
Q

Sympathetic post-ganglionic are _

A

adrenergic (except to sweat glands: ACh)

41
Q

Parasympathetic are ?

A

cholinergic

Neuroscience (28 decks)

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