Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the four major divisions of the brain?
Brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum
What is the brain stem composed of?
Medulla oblongata, pons, mesencephalon
What is considered a conduit which has many ascending and descending tracts?
Cerebral peduncle
What is an example of a motor tract?
Pyramidal tract
What has fiber tracts with nuclei in the CVS and respiration?
Medulla Oblongata
What is the Nucleus Cuneatus involved in?
Senses
What is the Nucleus gracile involved in?
Pain
What connects the sides of the cerebellum and is a respiratory center?
Pons
What do the nuclei do?
Relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum along with nuclei that deal mainly with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation and posture
What looks like a folia with layers and deep nuclei?
Cerebellum
What is the white matter in the cerebellum called?
Arbor vitae
What is deep white matter?
Tracts
How much of neurons in the CNS are in the cerebellum?
40%
What are the roles of the cerebellum?
Controls muscle tone, coordination, motor error-checking and learning
What is cerebellar ataxia?
It is a condition which has loss of cerebellar neurons, jerky precise movements, and degeneration of folia
What does the mesencephalon (midbrain) contain?
Cerebral peduncles, tectum, substantia nigra, nucleus ruber
What is on the roof of the midbrain?
Tectum
What is the tectum composed of?
Superior and inferior colliculi
What do the superior and inferior colliculi do?
Superior colliluci is involved in the visual reflex, such as eye movements, while the inferior colliculi is involved in the auditory reflex
What are two animals whose auditory and visual reflexes do not register with each other when mapping the outside world?
Cows and sheep
What is the substantia nigra?
It makes dopamine and melanin as a byproduct
What controls motor coordination and is pinky red?
Nucleus ruber
Why is the nucleus ruber pinky red?
Haemoglobin and ferritin
What is the reticular formulation?
Brainstem neuron clusters and cardiovascular centers
How would you activate the reticuar formulation?
Slap myself, splash cold water
What does the reticular activating system control?
Circadian rhythm, alertness, emotion
What is the diencephalon?
It is part of the forebrain and links the midbrain and cerebrum.
What does the diencephalon contain?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
What does the thalamus do?
It decides where the impulses go. A processing and relay center. Controls all special senses except smell, motor role, arousal, emotion, higher functions
What does the pineal gland do?
It is an endocrine organ that secretes melatonin and serotonin
What does melatonin and serotonin do?
Control circadian rhythm
What does the build up of melatonin lead to?
Sleepiness
Where is the primary cortical target for olfactory input?
Piriform complex
What does the hypothalamus do?
Controls eating, drinking, sexual behavior, stress, ANS
