Lecture 7 Flashcards
DOC for ventricular arrythias and emergency situations, decreases duration of action potential by shortening depolarization, shortens depolarization, SE drowsiness, slurred speech
CLass 1B - Lidocaine
oral ventricular arrythmia meds - 1B, not emergency
Mexiletine or tocainide
Oral ventricualr arrythmia med 1B that leads to PULMONARY FIBROSIS
Tocainamide
class that depresses rate of rise of membrane action potential slowing conduction without affecting duration in phase 0
Group 1C
Class 1C anti arrythmic for REFRACTORY ARRYTHMIAS, negative inotropic effect (decreased heart rate) not for emergencies, may produce lethal arrythmias,
Felcainamide
class 1C anti arrythmic broad spectrum, worsens CHF
Propafenone
class that Diminishes phase 4 depolarization, useful in tachycardia induced by increased sympathetic activity
Class 2- propranalol metoprolol - beta blockers
class 2 arrythmic reduces indcidence of sudden cardiac death after MI, negative inotropic, mild CHF
Propranolol
Beta 1 specific blocker that decreases risk of CHF
Metoprolol
Beta 1 receptor blocker that decreases heart rate but can worsen symptoms of heart failure
Pindolol
class 2 anti arrhythmic, short acting beta blocker used parenterally when someone us under general anesthesia, PROPHYLAXIS for arrhythmia
Esnolol
class of arrythmics blocks potassium channels, can PROVOKE ARRYTHMIAS, cause reflex tachycardia, prolong action potential
Class 3
class 3 arrythmic, more side effects than benefits, takes 6 weeks for full response, pulmonary fibrosis of lungs, BLUE SKIN
Amiodarone
class 3, prolongs repolarization, no blue skin or liver toxicity, PROLONGS QT INTERVAL- can lead to ischemia
Sotalol
class 3, First line agent for PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and heart fialure, 10 hour half life
Dofetilide
class of calcium ion channel blockers, acts on phase 3
Class 4
Class 4 calcium ion channel blockers that are more effective in atrial than ventricular arrythmias, useful in reentry supraventricular tachycardia, CONTRAINDICATED IN CHF due to negative inotropism
Verapamil and Diltiazem
other agent, glycoside, shortens refactory period with prolongation of effective refractory period, risk for developing more severe arrythmias, employed in severe CHF to prophylactic treat potential arrythmia
Digoxin
other agent DOC to ABLOSH SVT
Adenosine
most common anemia, women in pregnancy, given ferrous sulfide, which produces constipation, produces small poorly pigmented RBC- hypchromic microcytic anemia
iron deficiency anemia
due to increased demand in pregnancy or alcoholism, treat with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors as methotrexate and trimethropin
folic acid deficiency anemia
CONCEPT- iron deficiency can be seen with blood smear due to small pale cells, folic acid and b 12 are both megaloblastic appearance, so serum levels needed to determine cause
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anemia, deficiency due to low dietary levels or poor absorption. no production of intrinsic factor. associated with neurologic manifestations, IM administration of B12 (autoimmune disease- lack of IF to bring B12 into the system, not dietary or poor absorption) associated with NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS, lack of ADEQUATE MYELINIZATION due to B12 deficiency- TEST QUESTION
Cyanocobalamin Vit b12, pernicious anemia
If a person has vit b12 deficiency, but was given folate instead, it will resolve the megablastosis but not fix the dymyelinization of nerves, so b12 must be ruled out first
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