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Summer Pharmacology 2 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

DOC for ventricular arrythias and emergency situations, decreases duration of action potential by shortening depolarization, shortens depolarization, SE drowsiness, slurred speech

A

CLass 1B - Lidocaine

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2
Q

oral ventricular arrythmia meds - 1B, not emergency

A

Mexiletine or tocainide

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3
Q

Oral ventricualr arrythmia med 1B that leads to PULMONARY FIBROSIS

A

Tocainamide

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4
Q

class that depresses rate of rise of membrane action potential slowing conduction without affecting duration in phase 0

A

Group 1C

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5
Q

Class 1C anti arrythmic for REFRACTORY ARRYTHMIAS, negative inotropic effect (decreased heart rate) not for emergencies, may produce lethal arrythmias,

A

Felcainamide

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6
Q

class 1C anti arrythmic broad spectrum, worsens CHF

A

Propafenone

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7
Q

class that Diminishes phase 4 depolarization, useful in tachycardia induced by increased sympathetic activity

A

Class 2- propranalol metoprolol - beta blockers

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8
Q

class 2 arrythmic reduces indcidence of sudden cardiac death after MI, negative inotropic, mild CHF

A

Propranolol

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9
Q

Beta 1 specific blocker that decreases risk of CHF

A

Metoprolol

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10
Q

Beta 1 receptor blocker that decreases heart rate but can worsen symptoms of heart failure

A

Pindolol

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11
Q

class 2 anti arrhythmic, short acting beta blocker used parenterally when someone us under general anesthesia, PROPHYLAXIS for arrhythmia

A

Esnolol

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12
Q

class of arrythmics blocks potassium channels, can PROVOKE ARRYTHMIAS, cause reflex tachycardia, prolong action potential

A

Class 3

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13
Q

class 3 arrythmic, more side effects than benefits, takes 6 weeks for full response, pulmonary fibrosis of lungs, BLUE SKIN

A

Amiodarone

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14
Q

class 3, prolongs repolarization, no blue skin or liver toxicity, PROLONGS QT INTERVAL- can lead to ischemia

A

Sotalol

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15
Q

class 3, First line agent for PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and heart fialure, 10 hour half life

A

Dofetilide

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16
Q

class of calcium ion channel blockers, acts on phase 3

A

Class 4

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17
Q

Class 4 calcium ion channel blockers that are more effective in atrial than ventricular arrythmias, useful in reentry supraventricular tachycardia, CONTRAINDICATED IN CHF due to negative inotropism

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem

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18
Q

other agent, glycoside, shortens refactory period with prolongation of effective refractory period, risk for developing more severe arrythmias, employed in severe CHF to prophylactic treat potential arrythmia

A

Digoxin

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19
Q

other agent DOC to ABLOSH SVT

A

Adenosine

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20
Q

most common anemia, women in pregnancy, given ferrous sulfide, which produces constipation, produces small poorly pigmented RBC- hypchromic microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia

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21
Q

due to increased demand in pregnancy or alcoholism, treat with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors as methotrexate and trimethropin

A

folic acid deficiency anemia

22
Q

CONCEPT- iron deficiency can be seen with blood smear due to small pale cells, folic acid and b 12 are both megaloblastic appearance, so serum levels needed to determine cause

A

learn this

23
Q

anemia, deficiency due to low dietary levels or poor absorption. no production of intrinsic factor. associated with neurologic manifestations, IM administration of B12 (autoimmune disease- lack of IF to bring B12 into the system, not dietary or poor absorption) associated with NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS, lack of ADEQUATE MYELINIZATION due to B12 deficiency- TEST QUESTION

A

Cyanocobalamin Vit b12, pernicious anemia

24
Q

If a person has vit b12 deficiency, but was given folate instead, it will resolve the megablastosis but not fix the dymyelinization of nerves, so b12 must be ruled out first

A

learn this

25
Q

glycoprotein, kidney hormone to stimulate erythopoiesis, used to treat PERMANENT RENAL DISFUNCTION, and HIV+ to avoid anemic manifestations

A

Erythropoietin

26
Q

Drug used for chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycitemia vera (stagnation of blood flow) caused by sickle cell anemia , increased concentration of HbF (fetal) to dilute the concetration of HbS (sickle)

A

Hydroxyurea

27
Q

3 things needed for coagulation cascade in Hemostasis-

A

Hemostasis- adequate platelets, functional, coagulation cascade

28
Q

stabilizer of inactive GP 2b/a receptors inhibiting degranulation in hemostasis

A

cAMP

29
Q

discoid cytoplasmic fragment from megakariocytes, circulate in the blood and are essential for clot formation and hemostasis

A

Platelets

30
Q

most important procoagulant compound that stimulates aggregation of platelets

A

collagen

31
Q

promotor for more platelets with activation- produced during arachidonic acid catabolism by cycloxiginase

A

Thomboxane A2

32
Q

category of prophylactic agents used in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, maintenance of vascular grafts

A

Platelet aggregators inhibitors

33
Q

category used for athersclerosis , cancer, arrythmia

A

anti coaggulants, prevent blood clots leading to ischemia

34
Q

Platelet aggregator inhibitor that irreversibly inhibits cycloxigenase pathway of arachidonic acid to suppress thomboxane a2, lasts 7 to 10 days

A

Aspirin

35
Q

platelet aggregator inhibitor, coronary vasodilator, DOC for those with PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES that are not metalic (use anti coaggulant)

A

dipirydamole

36
Q

(2) PAI, inhibits platelet aggregation blocking ADP pathway, useful in PREVENTING CVA, CVD, PVD (smokers), produces easy bleeding and bruising, SE NEUTROPENIA

A

Ticlopidine and Clipidrogel (plavix)

37
Q

PAI, monoclonal antibody blocking factors I and X to block platelet aggregation,SE: PERSISTANT BLEEDING

A

Abciximab

38
Q

PAI’s, simiiar to the others, just know them. E and T

A

Eptifibatide and Tirofiban

39
Q

Anticoagulant, DOES NOT CROSS PLACENTA, choice for PREGNANCY, SC or IV, never IM b/c can cause hematoma. Vit. K antagonist. used for DVT, pulmonary embolism, narrow TI, SE: hemorhage- resolved with Protamine Sulfate, CI in bleeding disorders, and eye/brain surgeries, (2,9,10,11,12,8)

A

Heparin

40
Q

Oral anticoagulant, (3,5,8,9,10) antagonizes Vit K, NOT USED DURING PREGNANCY, rat poison, severe bleeding requires skipping dose (same as using protamine sulfate or FFP

A

Warfarin

41
Q

Parenteral anticoagulant, thrombin antagonist- prevent fibrinogen from forming fibrin, half life of 1 hour, no activity on platelet function, monitor renal function,

A

1- Lepirudin

42
Q

thrombin antagonist, used prophylactically in HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA

A

2-argatroban

43
Q

thrombin antagonist, pentasaccharide approved for DNT in orthopedic surgery of hips and knees, binds to factor 10, CI in hep-induced thrombocytopenia

A

3-Fondaprinux

44
Q

Category of drugs used to directly convert plasminogen to plasmin which cleaves fibrin, lysing a thrombi, Used for DVT- risk factor for PE, acute myocardial infarction, window period of 2-6 hours for myocardial salvage, Stroke, CI in history of stroke, pregnant, metastatic carcinoma (risk of embolism)

A

Thrombolytic agents

45
Q

preferred: streptokinase (mouse urine-risk for allergic reaction, more antigenic, but cheaper) and alternative: alteplase- tissue plasminogen activator

A

Thrombolytic Agents

46
Q

tissue plasminogen activator, serine protease, FIBRIN-SELECTIVE, may ACTIVATE CIRCULATING PLASMINOGEN, thromboplastin time maintained 2-5 times its control, no hypersensitivity

A

Alteplase

47
Q

modified streptokinase molecule, Semiselective for clot site since binds only to fibrin,

A

Anistreplase

48
Q

drug used to stop bleeding that inhibits plasminogen activation, but has intravascular thrombus as a complication

A

Aminocaproic Acid

49
Q

drug used to stop bleeding that antagonizes anticoagulat effect of heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

50
Q

immediate hemostasis is achieved with:

A

FFP

51
Q

serine protease inhibitor that blocks plasmin, prophyactive use to reduce perioperative blood loss (not tested)

A

Apoproptin

52
Q

skipping a dose of coumadin or warfarin is the same as taking vit K or protamine sulfate, not heparin tho

A

know this

Summer Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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