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Summer Pharmacology 2 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug developed to make spies confess themselves, serotonomimetic drug acting in presynaptic receptors of the midbrain leading to pupillary dilation, increased blood pressure and body temp, induces hallucinations with bright colors and mood alteration, causes hyperreflexia, nausea, musclular weakness and Long Lasting Psychotic Changes

A

Lysergic acid- LSD

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2
Q

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, ketamine analog that causes Dissociative Anesthesia, difficult to talk, walk and hostile behavior, CNS actions may persist for a week. Week-long trips

A

Phencyclidine- PCP- angel dust

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3
Q

active alkaloid is dronabinol, produces euphoria, relaxation, drowsiness, impairs short term memory and mental actiity, increase appetitie and promote visual hallucinations, delusions, and enhanced sensory activity, reddening of conjunctiva.

A

Tetrahydrocarabinol- Cannabis sativa

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4
Q

Natural or synthetic compounds with a morphine-like effect, they bind to speficit CNS receptors, nerve terminals in peripheral nervous system and GI tract, mimic action of neurotransmitter opiopeptins, primary use for relieve of intense pain and anxiety

A

Opiods

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5
Q

portion of brain that mediates respiration, cough nausea and vomit

A

Brainstem

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6
Q

Portion of CNS that mediates deep pain and is emotionally influenced

A

Medial thalamus

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7
Q

Portion of CNS that attenuates afferent stimuli

A

Spinal Cord

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8
Q

Portion of brain that affects neuroendocrine secretion

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Portion of CNS that influences emotional behavior- amygdala

A

Limbic System

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10
Q

Portion of CNS that contributes to anti inflammatory effects

A

Periphery

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11
Q

Portion of immune system with unknown opioid function

A

Immune Cells

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12
Q

major opioid agonist, analgesic, presynaptic inhibition-hyperpolarization of neuroreceptor release, relieves pain without loss of consciousness, strong cough supressant, decreases response to CO2 concentration,

A

Morphine

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13
Q

Opioid that causes Miosis by exciting the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, important for diagnosis of cause of coma, because all other causes will cause dilated pupil

A

Morphine

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14
Q

Opioid that inhibits nausea vomiting, and peristalsis, and decreases smooth muscle motility

A

Morphine

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15
Q

Opioid contraindicated in severe brain injury

A

Morphine

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16
Q

Opioid that is contraindicated in asthma patients because it can cause bronchoconstriction, and inhibits release of gonadotropin and corticotropin, decreasing hormone levels, and causing fluid retention

A

Morphine

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17
Q

3 functions of opioids- Morphine

A

analgesic, diarrhea, cough

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18
Q

opioid that is distributed in all body tissues except the brain- does not cross BBB, but does cross the placenta

A

Morphine

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19
Q

Analgesia is enhanced with low doses of amphetamines with this opioid

A

Morphine

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20
Q

Synthetic opioid used for analgesia, mostly IM, risk for dependence

A

Meperidine

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21
Q

Drug used to treat withdrawal from opioids, but may also produce dependence

A

Methadone

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22
Q

opioid chemically related to meperidine but with 80X analgesic potency of morphine

A

Fentanyl

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23
Q

Produced by acetylation of morphine, which increases potency 3x, it readily crosses the blood brain barrier with more euphoric action

A

Heroin

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24
Q

moderate opioid agonist, derivative of methadone, used in combo with aspirin or acetaminophen to increase analgesic effect, psychological and physical dependence

A

Propoxyphene

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25
Q

moderate opioid agonist, Less potent analgesic, but strong antitussive action, rarely produces dependence, and used in combo with aceto or aspirin for analgesia, causes euphoria, widely used by dentist after tooth extraction

A

Codeine

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26
Q

Mixed agonist-antagonist opioid

A

Pentazocine and BURPRENORPHINE

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27
Q

Mixed agonist-antagonist opioid, newest drug used for opioid addiction

A

Burprenorphine

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28
Q

Opioid antagonist, used to treat opioid overdose and reverse coma

A

Naloxene

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29
Q

Condition involving absence seizures that ay cause emptying of urinary bladder, Idiopathic-no known cause, Secondary- after trauma, can be partial or generalized

A

Epilepsy

30
Q

DOC for tonic clonic and topartial seizures in adults

A

phenytoin

31
Q

3 DOC’s for status epilepticus seizures, all have equal effect

A

Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Diazepam

32
Q

DOC for febrile seizures in children

A

Phenobarbital

33
Q

DOC for myoclonic seizures

A

Valproic acid

34
Q

DOC for Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

35
Q

DOC’s for Tonic-Clonic Seizures

A

Phenytoin and Carbamazepine

36
Q

What causes rebound seizures when taking anti-seizure meds?

A

abrupt termination of therapy

37
Q

Teratogenic effect of all seizure medications

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome- cleft lip and palate, congenital heart disease, slow growth and mental retardation

38
Q

What does it mean if a seizure patient is experiencing gingival hyperplasia- bleeding while brushing teeth?

A

need to change medications

39
Q

Drug that stimulates metabolism of phenytoin

A

carbamazepine

40
Q

Drugs that inhibit metabolism of phenytoin (5) CDCSI

A

chloramphenicol, dicumarol, cimetidine, sulfonamide, isoniazid

41
Q

Drug used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, often secondary to viral infection- HZV

A

Carbomazepine

42
Q

Drugs that inhibit metabolism of carbamazepine

A

Cimetidine, diltiazem, erythromycin

43
Q

DOC for children with recurrent and febrile seizures

A

phenobarbitol

44
Q

Chronic use of this drug enhances metabolism of drugs that use the p 450 system

A

Phenobarbitol

45
Q

SE for this antiseizure drugs include sedation and ataxia, drug for children with recurrent seizures

A

phenobarbitol

46
Q

Alternate choice for partial and tonic clonic seizures

A

Primidone

47
Q

DOC for myoclonic seizures, interferes with coagulation,

A

Valproic Acid

48
Q

DOC for absence seizures, SE agitation and Steven johnson syndrome, and APLASTIC ANEMIA, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

A

Ethosuximide

49
Q

DOC for status epilepticus

A

Diazepam- benzodiazepines

50
Q

Useful agents for chronic treatment of status epilepticus

A

Clonazepam and Clorazepate

51
Q

GABA analog with unknown mechanism approved for partial seizures

A

Gabapentin

52
Q

Inhibits glutamate and aspartate release by blocking NA channels to prevent repetitive firing from epileptogenic focus, approved for partial seizures.

A

Lamotrigine

53
Q

chronic mental disorder caused by inherent dysfunction of the brain, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, thinking or speaking disorders, affects 1% of population

A

Schizofrenia

54
Q

drug category of dopamine D2 receptor blockers used to treat schizofrenia, ARE NOT CURATIVE

A

neuroleptics- phenothiazines, benzixozasoles, dibenzodiazepines, butryophenones, thioxantenes

55
Q

Serotonin receptor blocker neuroleptics that are newer agents (2), and cause parkinsonian symptoms, antiemetic and anti muscarinic effects, SE poikilothermia and hyper prolactinemia

A

Clonzapine and risperidone

56
Q

Local anesthetics - 4

A

lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine, bupivocaine

57
Q

characteristic of anesthetic correlates with lipid solubility, minimum alveolar concentration to eliminate among 50% of the subjects

A

Potency

58
Q

Drugs used for more rapid induction of anesthesia - 3 TDM

A

Thiopental, diazepam, morphine

59
Q

Neuroleptanethesia combination - 2

A

Ketamine, Propanol

60
Q

High normal HTN

A

130-139 / 85-89

61
Q

Hypertension Stage 1

A

140-159 / 90-99

62
Q

Sustained HTN requires 3 separate diagnosis of:

A

140/90 or above

63
Q

Non cardio selective beta blockers should be avoided in patients with what condition and why

A

asthma or COPD because may cause bronchoconstriction

64
Q

Category of HTN agents that treat both CO and total peripheral resistance

A

Centrally acting sympatholytics acting in the brain

65
Q

First choice of pharmacological agent for HTN tx in all races

A

ACE inhibitor

66
Q

HTN tx not effective in black population

A

Diuretics

67
Q

First step wise treatment for HTN, non pharmacological

A

modification of diet and weight loss

68
Q

Best tx’s for diabetic, HTN pts, same as best tx’s for stroke patients

A

ACE and ARB

69
Q

Categories not ideal for heart failure or MI patients

A

Ca channel and B blockers

70
Q

Best treatments for HTN in patients with renal disease

A

ACE and ARB

Summer Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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