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Summer Pharmacology 2 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug developed to make spies confess themselves, serotonomimetic drug acting in presynaptic receptors of the midbrain leading to pupillary dilation, increased blood pressure and body temp, induces hallucinations with bright colors and mood alteration, causes hyperreflexia, nausea, musclular weakness and Long Lasting Psychotic Changes

A

Lysergic acid- LSD

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2
Q

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, ketamine analog that causes Dissociative Anesthesia, difficult to talk, walk and hostile behavior, CNS actions may persist for a week. Week-long trips

A

Phencyclidine- PCP- angel dust

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3
Q

active alkaloid is dronabinol, produces euphoria, relaxation, drowsiness, impairs short term memory and mental actiity, increase appetitie and promote visual hallucinations, delusions, and enhanced sensory activity, reddening of conjunctiva.

A

Tetrahydrocarabinol- Cannabis sativa

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4
Q

Natural or synthetic compounds with a morphine-like effect, they bind to speficit CNS receptors, nerve terminals in peripheral nervous system and GI tract, mimic action of neurotransmitter opiopeptins, primary use for relieve of intense pain and anxiety

A

Opiods

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5
Q

portion of brain that mediates respiration, cough nausea and vomit

A

Brainstem

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6
Q

Portion of CNS that mediates deep pain and is emotionally influenced

A

Medial thalamus

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7
Q

Portion of CNS that attenuates afferent stimuli

A

Spinal Cord

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8
Q

Portion of brain that affects neuroendocrine secretion

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Portion of CNS that influences emotional behavior- amygdala

A

Limbic System

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10
Q

Portion of CNS that contributes to anti inflammatory effects

A

Periphery

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11
Q

Portion of immune system with unknown opioid function

A

Immune Cells

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12
Q

major opioid agonist, analgesic, presynaptic inhibition-hyperpolarization of neuroreceptor release, relieves pain without loss of consciousness, strong cough supressant, decreases response to CO2 concentration,

A

Morphine

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13
Q

Opioid that causes Miosis by exciting the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, important for diagnosis of cause of coma, because all other causes will cause dilated pupil

A

Morphine

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14
Q

Opioid that inhibits nausea vomiting, and peristalsis, and decreases smooth muscle motility

A

Morphine

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15
Q

Opioid contraindicated in severe brain injury

A

Morphine

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16
Q

Opioid that is contraindicated in asthma patients because it can cause bronchoconstriction, and inhibits release of gonadotropin and corticotropin, decreasing hormone levels, and causing fluid retention

A

Morphine

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17
Q

3 functions of opioids- Morphine

A

analgesic, diarrhea, cough

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18
Q

opioid that is distributed in all body tissues except the brain- does not cross BBB, but does cross the placenta

A

Morphine

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19
Q

Analgesia is enhanced with low doses of amphetamines with this opioid

A

Morphine

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20
Q

Synthetic opioid used for analgesia, mostly IM, risk for dependence

A

Meperidine

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21
Q

Drug used to treat withdrawal from opioids, but may also produce dependence

A

Methadone

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22
Q

opioid chemically related to meperidine but with 80X analgesic potency of morphine

A

Fentanyl

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23
Q

Produced by acetylation of morphine, which increases potency 3x, it readily crosses the blood brain barrier with more euphoric action

A

Heroin

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24
Q

moderate opioid agonist, derivative of methadone, used in combo with aspirin or acetaminophen to increase analgesic effect, psychological and physical dependence

A

Propoxyphene

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25
moderate opioid agonist, Less potent analgesic, but strong antitussive action, rarely produces dependence, and used in combo with aceto or aspirin for analgesia, causes euphoria, widely used by dentist after tooth extraction
Codeine
26
Mixed agonist-antagonist opioid
Pentazocine and BURPRENORPHINE
27
Mixed agonist-antagonist opioid, newest drug used for opioid addiction
Burprenorphine
28
Opioid antagonist, used to treat opioid overdose and reverse coma
Naloxene
29
Condition involving absence seizures that ay cause emptying of urinary bladder, Idiopathic-no known cause, Secondary- after trauma, can be partial or generalized
Epilepsy
30
DOC for tonic clonic and topartial seizures in adults
phenytoin
31
3 DOC's for status epilepticus seizures, all have equal effect
Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Diazepam
32
DOC for febrile seizures in children
Phenobarbital
33
DOC for myoclonic seizures
Valproic acid
34
DOC for Absence seizures
Ethosuximide
35
DOC's for Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Phenytoin and Carbamazepine
36
What causes rebound seizures when taking anti-seizure meds?
abrupt termination of therapy
37
Teratogenic effect of all seizure medications
Fetal hydantoin syndrome- cleft lip and palate, congenital heart disease, slow growth and mental retardation
38
What does it mean if a seizure patient is experiencing gingival hyperplasia- bleeding while brushing teeth?
need to change medications
39
Drug that stimulates metabolism of phenytoin
carbamazepine
40
Drugs that inhibit metabolism of phenytoin (5) CDCSI
chloramphenicol, dicumarol, cimetidine, sulfonamide, isoniazid
41
Drug used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, often secondary to viral infection- HZV
Carbomazepine
42
Drugs that inhibit metabolism of carbamazepine
Cimetidine, diltiazem, erythromycin
43
DOC for children with recurrent and febrile seizures
phenobarbitol
44
Chronic use of this drug enhances metabolism of drugs that use the p 450 system
Phenobarbitol
45
SE for this antiseizure drugs include sedation and ataxia, drug for children with recurrent seizures
phenobarbitol
46
Alternate choice for partial and tonic clonic seizures
Primidone
47
DOC for myoclonic seizures, interferes with coagulation,
Valproic Acid
48
DOC for absence seizures, SE agitation and Steven johnson syndrome, and APLASTIC ANEMIA, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Ethosuximide
49
DOC for status epilepticus
Diazepam- benzodiazepines
50
Useful agents for chronic treatment of status epilepticus
Clonazepam and Clorazepate
51
GABA analog with unknown mechanism approved for partial seizures
Gabapentin
52
Inhibits glutamate and aspartate release by blocking NA channels to prevent repetitive firing from epileptogenic focus, approved for partial seizures.
Lamotrigine
53
chronic mental disorder caused by inherent dysfunction of the brain, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, thinking or speaking disorders, affects 1% of population
Schizofrenia
54
drug category of dopamine D2 receptor blockers used to treat schizofrenia, ARE NOT CURATIVE
neuroleptics- phenothiazines, benzixozasoles, dibenzodiazepines, butryophenones, thioxantenes
55
Serotonin receptor blocker neuroleptics that are newer agents (2), and cause parkinsonian symptoms, antiemetic and anti muscarinic effects, SE poikilothermia and hyper prolactinemia
Clonzapine and risperidone
56
Local anesthetics - 4
lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine, bupivocaine
57
characteristic of anesthetic correlates with lipid solubility, minimum alveolar concentration to eliminate among 50% of the subjects
Potency
58
Drugs used for more rapid induction of anesthesia - 3 TDM
Thiopental, diazepam, morphine
59
Neuroleptanethesia combination - 2
Ketamine, Propanol
60
High normal HTN
130-139 / 85-89
61
Hypertension Stage 1
140-159 / 90-99
62
Sustained HTN requires 3 separate diagnosis of:
140/90 or above
63
Non cardio selective beta blockers should be avoided in patients with what condition and why
asthma or COPD because may cause bronchoconstriction
64
Category of HTN agents that treat both CO and total peripheral resistance
Centrally acting sympatholytics acting in the brain
65
First choice of pharmacological agent for HTN tx in all races
ACE inhibitor
66
HTN tx not effective in black population
Diuretics
67
First step wise treatment for HTN, non pharmacological
modification of diet and weight loss
68
Best tx's for diabetic, HTN pts, same as best tx's for stroke patients
ACE and ARB
69
Categories not ideal for heart failure or MI patients
Ca channel and B blockers
70
Best treatments for HTN in patients with renal disease
ACE and ARB

Summer Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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