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Summer Pharmacology 2 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

NSAID that IRREVERSIBLY acetylates cyclooxegenase activity and affects prostaglandins. respiratory acidoses at suicide doses

A

Aspirin

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2
Q

Roles of Aspirin at High dose

A

anti inflammatory, protective against MI, decrease risk of stroke and colon cancer

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3
Q

Roles of Aspirin at Low dose

A

anti pyretic, analgesic, diminish risk of MI

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4
Q

Side effect caused by NSAIDS but not aspirin

A

nephritis of kidney

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5
Q

Fatal fulminating hepatitis with cerebral edema and death, typically in children, from use of aspirin in children

A

Reyes syndrome

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6
Q

Mild intoxication from aspirin- nausea, vomits

A

salicylism

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7
Q

severe intoxication from aspirin, vasomotor collapse, respiratory acidoses, coma, die from suffocation

A

salicylate intoxication

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8
Q

Drug category with reversible inhibition of cyclooxegenase, so that eicosanoids are not formed

A

NSAIDs

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9
Q

Family of NSAIDS including ibuprofen, naproxen, fenprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, oxaprozin, widely used in rheumatoid arthritis and aklylosing spodilitis because GI effects less toxic than aspirin

A

Propionic acid derivatives

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10
Q

Acetic acid derivative NSAIDs, this drug is more potent than aspirin, but toxic at high doses, effective analgesic for uveitis and post operative opththalmic procedures, anti pyretic for hodgkins, delay labor contractions

A

Indometacin

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11
Q

Once per day oxicam derviatives for RA and ankylosing spondilytis

A

Peroxicam and Meloxicam

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12
Q

oxicam derivative eliminated through urine only

A

Peroxicam

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13
Q

oxicam derivative eliminated 50/50 urine and feces

A

Meloxicam

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14
Q

Heterodaryl acetic acid that is more potent than indomethacin and naproxin, used in the same way for RA, ankylosing spondylitis, asteoarthritis

A

Diclofenac

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15
Q

Heterodaryl acetic acid used topically for allergic conjunctivitis, prone to abuse so not readily available, cannot be used with analgesics as can cause upper GI bleeding

A

Keterolac

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16
Q

Heterodaryl acetic acid that is as efective as aspirin for RA but has fewer side effects

A

Nabumetone

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17
Q

Heterodaryl acetic acid that is 3-4x as potent than aspirin as analgesic and anti inflammatory, but has NO antipyretic effect- does not cross BBB

A

Diflunisal

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18
Q

COX 2 selective NSAID that is approved for osteoarthritis and is NOT AN ANALGESIC, does not interfere with platelet function. Contraindicated in pts allergic to sulfonamides, lowest incidence of gastro duadenal ulcers compared to other NSAIDS

A

Celecoxib

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19
Q

non narcotic analgesic DOC for fever and pain in children, but no anti inflammatory effect, no interference with platelet function, toxic at high doses, hepatotoxic at suicide doses

A

Acetominophen

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20
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen intoxication?

A

N-Acetyl cysteine

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21
Q

DOC for severe rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis, taken once a week, can cause cytopenia, acute pneumonia-like syndrome (lung fibrosis), also an anti cancer drug

A

Methrotrexate

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22
Q

Immunomodulatory agent that arrests lymphocytes, slows progression of structural damage in RA, lacks analgesic and anti inflammatory properties, reversible inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, avoided in potential child bearing mothers

A

Leflunomide

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23
Q

anti malaria drug used in combo with methrotrexate to treat RA unresponsive to NSAIDS

A

Hydroxychloroquine

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24
Q

prevention of progression of RA by suppressing phagocytic function of macrophages and releasing hydrolytic enzymes

A

Gold Salts

25
Q

Used for RA when Gold Salts fail

A

Penicillamine

26
Q

Anti cytokine that binds 2 molecules of TNF to prevent coupling with receptors, subcutaneous injection twice a week for RA

A

Etanercept

27
Q

monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TNF, approved for chrons disease and combo with methrotrexate for RA

A

Infliximab

28
Q

monoclonal antibody that binds with TNF, treatment for active RA, subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks

A

Adalimumab

29
Q

Recombinant Fusion Protein that prevents T cell activation in synovial joint tissue

A

Abatacept

30
Q

monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen, used with methrotrexate in moderate to severe RA that does not respond to other TNF inhibitors

A

Rituximab

31
Q

Disease characterized by redness of the great toe joint caused by high serum uric acid formed in the liver, crystallized uric acid in the joint, and other soft tissues including the kidney, genetic, caused by decreased elimination or increased production

A

Gout

32
Q

Drugs used to treat Acute phase of Gout (2)

A

Colchicine and Indomethacin

33
Q

Drug contraindicated in Gout patients becuase it competes for acid secretion in the kidney

A

Aspirin

34
Q

drug that binds to tubulin to suprress granulocytic migration and also inhibits synthesis and release of leukotrienes, causes diarrhea, alopecia, myopathy, CI in pregnancy

A

Colchicine

35
Q

Purine analog which reduces formation of uric acid by competitively inhibiting the last steps ofuric acid synthesis - Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

A

Allopurinol

36
Q

Category of drugs produced endogenously, local substance produces by same tissue that uses them. similiar to hormones, include prostaglandins, histamines, and serotonin. not hormones because they do not use circulatory system

A

Autocoids

37
Q

Autocoid that is a derivative of unsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, uses cyclooxigenase pathway, used to terminate pregnancy, erectile dysfunction, peptic ulcer disease

A

Prostaglandins

38
Q

Autocoid acting as chemical messenger to mediate allergic and inflammatory reactions and HCL production, no clinical use, but agents are employed to interfere with its actions: promote diarrhea, itching, pain, stomach acid production, asthma, smooth muscle contraction, increase BP

A

Histamine

39
Q

H1 receptor blockers that competitevely block receptor mediated responses to histamines. 1st gen are effective and low cost, cause sleepiness, 2nd gen (loratidine) does not cross BBB so does not cause sleepiness

A

Antihistamines

40
Q

Most common episodic headache, may be accompanied with premonition, unilateral, pulsating, more in women, auras, treat with triptans and ergotaines or NSAIDS

A

Migraine

41
Q

headache caused by stress, W>M, bilateral in band, dull and persistent, anorexia, menstrual changes, up to 7 days

A

Tension

42
Q

headache caused by muscle spasms, during sleep behind or around eye, M>W, sharp pain, uni or bilateral

A

Cluster

43
Q

DOC, most effective agents for migraines

A

-Triptans

44
Q

Cheaper second choice for mild to moderate migraine

A

Ergotamine

45
Q

Drugs used for Prophylactic treatment of migraines (2)

A

Propranolol and Methysergine

46
Q

Progressive neurologic disorder of muscle movements, causes tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, postural and gait abnormalities, 4th most common neurologic disorder in pts over 65 y/o, reduction of dopaminergic neurons of substantia negra

A

Parkinson’s Disease

47
Q

Parkinsons DOC that is a precursor of dopamine, adequate to relieve symptoms in early stages but has a wear off effect with time, Peripheral SE: GI, CV, Ocular - mydriasis, blood dyscrasias with Coombs reaction, Central SE: hallucinations, mood changes, depression and anxiety, interacts with MAO A inhibitors - phenelzine and antipsychotic drugs..

A

Levodopa

48
Q

Selective MAO B inhibitor for Parkinsons that decreases metabolism of dopamine, given in combo with levodopa as it begins to wear off.

A

Deprenyl

49
Q

Catechol-o–methyl transferase inhibitors (2) used for Parkinsons that decrease plasma concentration of COMT, increasing uptake of dopamine in the brain, reduces wear off phenomenon, SE: continuous fight or flight reaction

A

Entacapone and Tolacapone

50
Q

Dopamine receptor agonist (ergot type) for Parkinson treatment that produces no effect in pts with do not react to levodopa, similiar action to levodopa but has more psychological SEs like delerium, confusion, hallucination

A

Bromocriptine

51
Q

(4) Dopamine receptor agonist (non ergot type) for parkinsons that delay the need to use levodopa in early stages of the disease and decrease the dose in advanced disease, SE insomnia, dizziness

A

Paramipexole, Ropinirole, Apomorphine, Rotigotine

52
Q

Antiviral agent used to enhance synthesis, release or re uptake of dopamine

A

Amantadine

53
Q

(2) Anti muscarinic Agents used to produce imbalance in dopamine/acetylcholine ratio to increase dopaminergic transmission, SE pupil dilation. constipation, urine retention, Contra in Glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia-bladder emptying

A

Benztropin and Biperiden

54
Q

Neurodegenerative disorder manifested by loss of cholinergic cortical neurons, accumulation of senile plaques, formation of neurofibrillary tangles and loss of cortical neurons

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

55
Q

(4) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used to treat Alzheimer’s, all have the same effect of increasing acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft

A

Glantamine, Donazepil, Rivastigmine, Tacrine

56
Q

Only NMDA (N-methyl D aspartate) antagonist, neuroprotective by modulation function of ion channels

A

Memantine

57
Q

Neurodegenerative disease leading to atrophy of muscle fibers, hardening of anterior columns of the spinal cord as the motor neurons degenerate and are replaced by fibrous astrocytes

A

Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis - Lou Gherigs Disease

58
Q

Glutamate, sodium, and calcium channel blocker used as supportive therapy for ALS/Lou Gherig’s

A

Riluzole

Summer Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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