Lecture 2

Question 1

NTRI HIV treatment used in combo with AZT

Answer 1

Lamivudine

Question 2

NTRI guanosine analog for HIV treatment in children and adults with intolerance to current modalities of treatment

Answer 2

Abacavir

Question 3

NTRI First approved nucleotide analog for HIV

Answer 3

Tenofovir

Question 4

NTRI Lamivudine derivative which inhibits both HIV and DNA reverse transcriptase, once a day agent.

Answer 4

Emtricitabine

Question 5

NNRTI, lipophylic allows for distribution into breast milk and fetus, increases CD4 count, causes skin rash and elevate hepatic enzymes, 14 day titration

Answer 5

Nevirapine

Question 6

NNRTI for HIV with 98% binding to albumin, 50/50 excretion urine and feces, skin reactions are common, HA, dizzy (semicircular canals), nausea

Answer 6

Delavirdine

Question 7

well absorbed orally with 99% coupling to albumin, once per day treatment, vivid dreams, bioavailabiity decreases progressively so dose must be adjusted: Cytochrome p450

Answer 7

Efavirenz

Question 8

reversible inhibitors of the enzyme responsible for cleavage of viral polyprotein, interferes with CYP isoenzymes, first category used to treat HIV, increase bioavailability in high fat diet (-vir endings), dose dependent on glucose levels, SE atherosclerosis, diarrhea, numbness, many drugs interact and prevent their function

Answer 8

Protease Inhibitors

Question 9

New class of drugs which impair HIV fusion with Host cell

Answer 9

Viral Fusion Inhibitors

Question 10

only Viral Fusion Inhibitor for HIV tx, often used with a protease inhibitor.

Answer 10

Enfuvirtide

Question 11

Term for extending time and relief from symptoms when cancer cannot be cured

Answer 11

Palliation

Question 12

minimum amount/size of tumor to cause reason to be detected and to have systemic manifetations

Answer 12

1 gram

Question 13

protocol treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (acronym)

Answer 13

MOPP

Question 14

Why are cell cycle specific drugs considered toxic?

Answer 14

targeting rapidly diviing cells- GI, Buccal, Bone marrow, Hair follicles : diarrhea, blisters, bleeding, alopecia (not all)

Question 15

Specific Adverse Effect of Doxorubicin

Answer 15

Cardiotoxicity

Question 16

Which drug specifically causes pulmonary fibrosis as an adverse effect

Answer 16

Bleomycin

Question 17

Cancer treatments are often mutagenic, meaning:

Answer 17

secondary neoplasms may arise 10 years or so after original treatment

Question 18

category of cancer treatments known to have a mutagenic effect:

Answer 18

alkylating agents: cyclophosphamide

Question 19

True or False: all chemotherapy drugs have the potential for teratogenic effects, treatment is often post-poned until after delivery

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Category of anti cancer drugs that is cycle specific to the M phase of replication

Answer 20

Microtubule inhibitors

Question 21

new category of anti cancer drugs that does not have serious side effects because it only targets malignant cells

Answer 21

monoclonal antibodies (-mab)

Question 22

drugs that impair normal matabolic function during the S phase

Answer 22

Antimetabolites: 5-FU, Gem, 6-mercap etc

Question 23

Megaloplastic Anemia treatment IV, oral if used for non-oncogenic rheumatoid arthritis/psoriasis, therapeutic applications: ALL and Burkits, Choriocarninoma- curative, osteogenic sarcoma- curative, side effects may be reversed by Leucovorin, pulmonary toxicity while using drug, permanent damage

Answer 23

Methotrexate- folic acid antagonist

Question 24

Drug used to maintain remission in ALL, Cell cycle specific to S phase, Bone Marrow Depression SE, dose adjustment if taking allopurinol

Answer 24

6-Mercaptopurine

Question 25

ALL drug with Cross resistance with 6-MP,

Answer 25

6-Thioguanine

Question 26

Drug used to treat Hairy Cell leuekemia, can cause myelosuppresion, blidness, death

Answer 26

Fludarabine

Question 27

Drug for Hematalogic malignancies: CLL, non-hodgekins, hairy cell, bone marrow suppression

Answer 27

Cladribine

Question 28

Drug for Soft tissue carcinomas: colorectal, breast, ovarian, gastric, Hand-Foot Syndrome SE, unlimited by lung exhaling CO2

Answer 28

5- fluorouracil

Question 29

Oral drug for metastatic breast cancer resistant to paclitaxel, causes Palmar-plantar eythroidesthesia (Hand-Foot in 5-FU)

Answer 29

Capecitabine- which becomes 5-FU

Question 30

Drug for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), SE granulocytopenia, can cause altered mental status and seizures at high doses

Answer 30

Cytarabine

Question 31

First Line agent in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, dose limiting myelosuppression

Answer 31

Gemcitabine

Question 32

Category of anti cancer drugs that are cytotoxic due to their interaction with DNA to disrupt its function, non cycle specific

Answer 32

Antibiotics- BLeo, Dactin, Duano, Doxo, Epiru, Idaru

Question 33

Drug for Solid Tumors : Wilm's tumor (very young), Gestational Choriocarcinoma (with methrotrexate), Dose limiting bone marrow depression, inflammation of the tongue

Answer 33

Actinomycin D - Dactinomycin

Question 34

antibiotic Drug for Soft tissue tumors like sarcomas, breast tumors, and ALL, SE CARDIOTOXICITY

Answer 34

Doxorubicin

Question 35

antibiotic Drug treatment for both ALL and AML, SE CARDIOTOXICITY

Answer 35

Duanorubicin

Question 36

Drug for Testicular Tumors and squamous cell carcinoma, causes PULMONARY FIBROSIS like methrotrexate, but its progressive in this drug. Anaphylactoid Reactions (non allergic)

Answer 36

Bleomycin

Question 37

Category of anti cancer drugs commonly employed in soft cancer tumors and cause secondary malignancies commonly in bone marrow, do not discriminate between resting and replicating cells

Answer 37

Alkylating Agents- including mechlorethamine- mustard gas

Question 38

Mustard Gas during WWI, employed in lymphoid malignancies: leukemias and lymphomas of lymphoid origin, marrow depression.

Answer 38

Mechlorethamine- Fun Fact: caused increased prevalence of malignancies in nurses of oncology wards.

Question 39

Oral anti cancer treatments (2) that form active compounds phosphoramide and acrolein, used for Buritts, Breast cancer, and RA (not commonly used for RA), SE hemorhagic cystitis and bladder fibrosis

Answer 39

Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide

Question 40

Parenteral anti cancer drug used to treat melanomas

Answer 40

Decarbazine

Question 41

Oral anti cancer drug used to treat Gliomas : meninges

Answer 41

Temozolomide

Question 42

Anti cancer drugs (3) ssed for hematologic malignancies: CLL, CGL, Multiple Myeloma

Answer 42

Melphan, Chlorambucil, and Busulphan

Question 43

Anti cancer drugs that penetrate CSF to treat brain tumors, can cause aplastic marrow, renal toxicity, and pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 43

Carmustine and Lamustine

Question 44

Anti cancer drugs commonly employed for Insulinomas

Answer 44

Streptozosine- nitrosaurea

Question 45

Category of anti cancer drugs that are plant derived substances designed to disrupt the process of polymerization and depolimerization of microtubules, cell cycle specific to M phase

Answer 45

microtubule inhibitors

Question 46

Metablastic Testicular carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma treatments, SE peripheral neuropathy (foot drop, ataxia, parasthesia)

Answer 46

Vinblastine

Question 47

Cell cycle specific for blocking mitosis in metaphase, treats Wilms, Ewing, leukemia, lymphoma, Potent myelosuppressant

Answer 47

Vincristine

Question 48

Treatment for Advanced ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer, squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck, SE hypersensitivity and peripheral neuropathy, premedicated with dexamathasone and diphenhydramine

Answer 48

Paclitaxol

Question 49

anti cancer category that modify the effect of hormones in malignant cells that are either responsive or dependent (orchiectomy)

Answer 49

Steroids

Question 50

corticosteroid used to treat lymphomas, used to induce remission in ALL and treat both Hodgekins and Non-Hodkins lymphomas

Answer 50

Prednisone

Question 51

Synthetic estrogen used in receptor (estrogen dependent) positive breast cancer, more effective after menopause, often causes hot flashes, may cause endometrial cancer, possibly protective against cardiovascular disease: myocardial and CNS infarcts

Answer 51

Tamoxifen

Question 52

Aromatase inhibitor used to treat metastatic breast cancer in post-menopausal women

Answer 52

Aminogluthemide

Question 53

Aromatease inhibitor used as the second line therapy for hormone dependent breast cancer

Answer 53

Anastrazole and Letrazole

Question 54

Progestine used in estrogen responsive breast cancer, but was replaced by aromatase inhibitors

Answer 54

Megestrol

Question 55

synthetic nonapeptide Prastate cancer treatment that is comparable to orchiectomy

Answer 55

Leuprolide

Question 56

Synthetic nonapeptide used IM in depot form

Answer 56

Goserelin

Question 57

prostate cancer nonapeptide associated with liver failure

Answer 57

Flutamide

Question 58

prostate cancer Nonapeptide associated with visual problems

Answer 58

Nilutamide

Question 59

Synthetic nonsteroidal antiandrogen used in prostate cancer, may cause gynecomastia and gastrointestinal distress

Answer 59

Bicalutamide, just like efavirenz for HIV

Question 60

new modality of cancer treatments that target specific surface proteins on malignant cells - mab

Answer 60

monoclonal antibodies

Question 61

monoclonal antibody used for metastatic breast cancer in patients with overexpression of HER2 protein, CHF SE

Answer 61

Trastuzumab

Question 62

monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 in B cells that is over expressed in Non Hodgekins lymphomas, CD20 is normally involved in activation of the cell cycle, first dose associated with fever and chills, SE hypotension and pancytopenia

Answer 62

Rituximab

Question 63

Antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody used as the first line agent for metastatic colorectal cancer in combo with %-FU, and interferes with vascular endothelial growth factor

Answer 63

Bevacizumab

Question 64

Monoclonal antibody used in colorectal cancer interfering with epidermal growth factor receptor

Answer 64

Ceftiximab

Question 65

Monoclonal antibody used to treat leukemia where fusion of BCR-ABL gene is identified

Answer 65

Imitinab

Question 66

Monoclonal antibody used in non small cell lung carcinoma by targeting epidermal growth factor, effective in 10 to 20% of pts

Answer 66

Gefinitab

Question 67

older Anti cancer agents (2) that function by forming intra and inter strand cross links in DNA, used for ovarian, cancer intraperitoneally

Answer 67

cisplastin and carboplatin

Question 68

older cancer drug that treats testicular, ovarian and bladder carcinoma, associated with nephrotoxicity

Answer 68

cisplastin

Question 69

older cancer drug used when patient canot be vigorously hydrated - organic heart disease, which is a requirement for cisplastin treatment, associated with myelosuppression

Answer 69

Carboplastin

Question 70

Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors that releave tension in DNA helix strands, used to treat metastatic ovarian cancer, takes 3 weeks to see change, 30% is excreted in urine, hence modification of dose in renal impairment, dose limiting neutropenia

Answer 70

Irinotecan and topecan

Question 71

Topoisomerase 2 inhibitor that blocks cells in S and G2, used for OAT cell carcinoma of the lung, and refractory testicular carcinoma (not responsive to typical treatments)

Answer 71

Etoposide

Question 72

Drug that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis and used to treat Hodgkins disease, produces halucinations, inhibits MAO, tyramine and alchol ingestion leads to disulfiram-type reactions

Answer 72

Procarbazine

Question 73

Only category of anti cancer drugs that dont produce either mutagenic or teratogenic effects

Answer 73

monoclonal antibodies

Question 74

type of interferon primarily used for leukocytic cancers

Answer 74

Alpha

Question 75

(2) types of interferon primarily used for fibroblast and T cells

Answer 75

Beta and gamma