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Summer Pharmacology 2 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

NTRI HIV treatment used in combo with AZT

A

Lamivudine

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2
Q

NTRI guanosine analog for HIV treatment in children and adults with intolerance to current modalities of treatment

A

Abacavir

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3
Q

NTRI First approved nucleotide analog for HIV

A

Tenofovir

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4
Q

NTRI Lamivudine derivative which inhibits both HIV and DNA reverse transcriptase, once a day agent.

A

Emtricitabine

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5
Q

NNRTI, lipophylic allows for distribution into breast milk and fetus, increases CD4 count, causes skin rash and elevate hepatic enzymes, 14 day titration

A

Nevirapine

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6
Q

NNRTI for HIV with 98% binding to albumin, 50/50 excretion urine and feces, skin reactions are common, HA, dizzy (semicircular canals), nausea

A

Delavirdine

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7
Q

well absorbed orally with 99% coupling to albumin, once per day treatment, vivid dreams, bioavailabiity decreases progressively so dose must be adjusted: Cytochrome p450

A

Efavirenz

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8
Q

reversible inhibitors of the enzyme responsible for cleavage of viral polyprotein, interferes with CYP isoenzymes, first category used to treat HIV, increase bioavailability in high fat diet (-vir endings), dose dependent on glucose levels, SE atherosclerosis, diarrhea, numbness, many drugs interact and prevent their function

A

Protease Inhibitors

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9
Q

New class of drugs which impair HIV fusion with Host cell

A

Viral Fusion Inhibitors

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10
Q

only Viral Fusion Inhibitor for HIV tx, often used with a protease inhibitor.

A

Enfuvirtide

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11
Q

Term for extending time and relief from symptoms when cancer cannot be cured

A

Palliation

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12
Q

minimum amount/size of tumor to cause reason to be detected and to have systemic manifetations

A

1 gram

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13
Q

protocol treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (acronym)

A

MOPP

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14
Q

Why are cell cycle specific drugs considered toxic?

A

targeting rapidly diviing cells- GI, Buccal, Bone marrow, Hair follicles : diarrhea, blisters, bleeding, alopecia (not all)

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15
Q

Specific Adverse Effect of Doxorubicin

A

Cardiotoxicity

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16
Q

Which drug specifically causes pulmonary fibrosis as an adverse effect

A

Bleomycin

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17
Q

Cancer treatments are often mutagenic, meaning:

A

secondary neoplasms may arise 10 years or so after original treatment

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18
Q

category of cancer treatments known to have a mutagenic effect:

A

alkylating agents: cyclophosphamide

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19
Q

True or False: all chemotherapy drugs have the potential for teratogenic effects, treatment is often post-poned until after delivery

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Category of anti cancer drugs that is cycle specific to the M phase of replication

A

Microtubule inhibitors

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21
Q

new category of anti cancer drugs that does not have serious side effects because it only targets malignant cells

A

monoclonal antibodies (-mab)

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22
Q

drugs that impair normal matabolic function during the S phase

A

Antimetabolites: 5-FU, Gem, 6-mercap etc

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23
Q

Megaloplastic Anemia treatment IV, oral if used for non-oncogenic rheumatoid arthritis/psoriasis, therapeutic applications: ALL and Burkits, Choriocarninoma- curative, osteogenic sarcoma- curative, side effects may be reversed by Leucovorin, pulmonary toxicity while using drug, permanent damage

A

Methotrexate- folic acid antagonist

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24
Q

Drug used to maintain remission in ALL, Cell cycle specific to S phase, Bone Marrow Depression SE, dose adjustment if taking allopurinol

A

6-Mercaptopurine

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25
Q

ALL drug with Cross resistance with 6-MP,

A

6-Thioguanine

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26
Q

Drug used to treat Hairy Cell leuekemia, can cause myelosuppresion, blidness, death

A

Fludarabine

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27
Q

Drug for Hematalogic malignancies: CLL, non-hodgekins, hairy cell, bone marrow suppression

A

Cladribine

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28
Q

Drug for Soft tissue carcinomas: colorectal, breast, ovarian, gastric, Hand-Foot Syndrome SE, unlimited by lung exhaling CO2

A

5- fluorouracil

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29
Q

Oral drug for metastatic breast cancer resistant to paclitaxel, causes Palmar-plantar eythroidesthesia (Hand-Foot in 5-FU)

A

Capecitabine- which becomes 5-FU

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30
Q

Drug for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), SE granulocytopenia, can cause altered mental status and seizures at high doses

A

Cytarabine

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31
Q

First Line agent in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, dose limiting myelosuppression

A

Gemcitabine

32
Q

Category of anti cancer drugs that are cytotoxic due to their interaction with DNA to disrupt its function, non cycle specific

A

Antibiotics- BLeo, Dactin, Duano, Doxo, Epiru, Idaru

33
Q

Drug for Solid Tumors : Wilm’s tumor (very young), Gestational Choriocarcinoma (with methrotrexate), Dose limiting bone marrow depression, inflammation of the tongue

A

Actinomycin D - Dactinomycin

34
Q

antibiotic Drug for Soft tissue tumors like sarcomas, breast tumors, and ALL, SE CARDIOTOXICITY

A

Doxorubicin

35
Q

antibiotic Drug treatment for both ALL and AML, SE CARDIOTOXICITY

A

Duanorubicin

36
Q

Drug for Testicular Tumors and squamous cell carcinoma, causes PULMONARY FIBROSIS like methrotrexate, but its progressive in this drug. Anaphylactoid Reactions (non allergic)

A

Bleomycin

37
Q

Category of anti cancer drugs commonly employed in soft cancer tumors and cause secondary malignancies commonly in bone marrow, do not discriminate between resting and replicating cells

A

Alkylating Agents- including mechlorethamine- mustard gas

38
Q

Mustard Gas during WWI, employed in lymphoid malignancies: leukemias and lymphomas of lymphoid origin, marrow depression.

A

Mechlorethamine- Fun Fact: caused increased prevalence of malignancies in nurses of oncology wards.

39
Q

Oral anti cancer treatments (2) that form active compounds phosphoramide and acrolein, used for Buritts, Breast cancer, and RA (not commonly used for RA), SE hemorhagic cystitis and bladder fibrosis

A

Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide

40
Q

Parenteral anti cancer drug used to treat melanomas

A

Decarbazine

41
Q

Oral anti cancer drug used to treat Gliomas : meninges

A

Temozolomide

42
Q

Anti cancer drugs (3) ssed for hematologic malignancies: CLL, CGL, Multiple Myeloma

A

Melphan, Chlorambucil, and Busulphan

43
Q

Anti cancer drugs that penetrate CSF to treat brain tumors, can cause aplastic marrow, renal toxicity, and pulmonary fibrosis

A

Carmustine and Lamustine

44
Q

Anti cancer drugs commonly employed for Insulinomas

A

Streptozosine- nitrosaurea

45
Q

Category of anti cancer drugs that are plant derived substances designed to disrupt the process of polymerization and depolimerization of microtubules, cell cycle specific to M phase

A

microtubule inhibitors

46
Q

Metablastic Testicular carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma treatments, SE peripheral neuropathy (foot drop, ataxia, parasthesia)

A

Vinblastine

47
Q

Cell cycle specific for blocking mitosis in metaphase, treats Wilms, Ewing, leukemia, lymphoma, Potent myelosuppressant

A

Vincristine

48
Q

Treatment for Advanced ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer, squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck, SE hypersensitivity and peripheral neuropathy, premedicated with dexamathasone and diphenhydramine

A

Paclitaxol

49
Q

anti cancer category that modify the effect of hormones in malignant cells that are either responsive or dependent (orchiectomy)

A

Steroids

50
Q

corticosteroid used to treat lymphomas, used to induce remission in ALL and treat both Hodgekins and Non-Hodkins lymphomas

A

Prednisone

51
Q

Synthetic estrogen used in receptor (estrogen dependent) positive breast cancer, more effective after menopause, often causes hot flashes, may cause endometrial cancer, possibly protective against cardiovascular disease: myocardial and CNS infarcts

A

Tamoxifen

52
Q

Aromatase inhibitor used to treat metastatic breast cancer in post-menopausal women

A

Aminogluthemide

53
Q

Aromatease inhibitor used as the second line therapy for hormone dependent breast cancer

A

Anastrazole and Letrazole

54
Q

Progestine used in estrogen responsive breast cancer, but was replaced by aromatase inhibitors

A

Megestrol

55
Q

synthetic nonapeptide Prastate cancer treatment that is comparable to orchiectomy

A

Leuprolide

56
Q

Synthetic nonapeptide used IM in depot form

A

Goserelin

57
Q

prostate cancer nonapeptide associated with liver failure

A

Flutamide

58
Q

prostate cancer Nonapeptide associated with visual problems

A

Nilutamide

59
Q

Synthetic nonsteroidal antiandrogen used in prostate cancer, may cause gynecomastia and gastrointestinal distress

A

Bicalutamide, just like efavirenz for HIV

60
Q

new modality of cancer treatments that target specific surface proteins on malignant cells - mab

A

monoclonal antibodies

61
Q

monoclonal antibody used for metastatic breast cancer in patients with overexpression of HER2 protein, CHF SE

A

Trastuzumab

62
Q

monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 in B cells that is over expressed in Non Hodgekins lymphomas, CD20 is normally involved in activation of the cell cycle, first dose associated with fever and chills, SE hypotension and pancytopenia

A

Rituximab

63
Q

Antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody used as the first line agent for metastatic colorectal cancer in combo with %-FU, and interferes with vascular endothelial growth factor

A

Bevacizumab

64
Q

Monoclonal antibody used in colorectal cancer interfering with epidermal growth factor receptor

A

Ceftiximab

65
Q

Monoclonal antibody used to treat leukemia where fusion of BCR-ABL gene is identified

A

Imitinab

66
Q

Monoclonal antibody used in non small cell lung carcinoma by targeting epidermal growth factor, effective in 10 to 20% of pts

A

Gefinitab

67
Q

older Anti cancer agents (2) that function by forming intra and inter strand cross links in DNA, used for ovarian, cancer intraperitoneally

A

cisplastin and carboplatin

68
Q

older cancer drug that treats testicular, ovarian and bladder carcinoma, associated with nephrotoxicity

A

cisplastin

69
Q

older cancer drug used when patient canot be vigorously hydrated - organic heart disease, which is a requirement for cisplastin treatment, associated with myelosuppression

A

Carboplastin

70
Q

Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors that releave tension in DNA helix strands, used to treat metastatic ovarian cancer, takes 3 weeks to see change, 30% is excreted in urine, hence modification of dose in renal impairment, dose limiting neutropenia

A

Irinotecan and topecan

71
Q

Topoisomerase 2 inhibitor that blocks cells in S and G2, used for OAT cell carcinoma of the lung, and refractory testicular carcinoma (not responsive to typical treatments)

A

Etoposide

72
Q

Drug that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis and used to treat Hodgkins disease, produces halucinations, inhibits MAO, tyramine and alchol ingestion leads to disulfiram-type reactions

A

Procarbazine

73
Q

Only category of anti cancer drugs that dont produce either mutagenic or teratogenic effects

A

monoclonal antibodies

74
Q

type of interferon primarily used for leukocytic cancers

A

Alpha

75
Q

(2) types of interferon primarily used for fibroblast and T cells

A

Beta and gamma

Summer Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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