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Summer Pharmacology 2 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

DOC for Status Epilepticus Seizures, and what category of drug is it?

A

Diazepam- Benzodiazepine

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2
Q

Stimulants for depression with similar effects as cocaine, dependent on catecholamines by releasing them from stores, also blocks MAO, may produce seizures at high dose

A

Amphetamines

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3
Q

Mood altering illnesses (2) affecting the ability to function, lack of energy, sleep disturbance, and loss of libido

A

Depression and Bipolar

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4
Q

hypnotic agent selective on melatonin 1 and 2 (MT1/2) receptors needed because light stimulates retina and decreases release of melatonin good for light deprived seasonal abnormal circadian rhythm like living in Alaska, may promote prolactin, causing secretion from breast tissue

A

Ramelton- benzo

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5
Q

Most widely used agents replacing barbiturates, anxiolytic treatment that is more safe and effective, used parenterally in emergency situations

A

Benzodiazepines

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6
Q

Drug that causes ganglionic blockade in CNS, soluble in lipids and widely distributed to all body tissues including the brain, stimulant at low dose, respiratory paralysis at high dose

A

Nicotine

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7
Q

Cardiovascular effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

orthostatic hyotension with reflex tachycardia in elderly

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8
Q

Category of drugs used to produce excitement and euphoria, diminish fatigue, and increase motor activity

A

Psychomotor Stimulants

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9
Q

drugs used when SSRI’s are not effective, used for neuropathic pain

A

SNRI- venlafazcine, Duloxetine

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10
Q

oral sedative drug with prolonged effectiveness for insomnia

A

Excopiclone- lunesta- benzo

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11
Q

Most widely used CNS stimulant (not drug) CNS stimulant that increases mental alertness by stimulating cerebral cortex, doses of 1.5 grams cause anxiety and tremors, diuretic and HCL stimulation

A

Caffeine

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12
Q

Unpleasant state of tension, apprehension, uneasiness, accompanies with tachycardia, sweating, trembling, and pallitations, drugs only used when chronic and debilitating.

A

Anxiety

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13
Q

Drug that has high risk of increasing blood pressure and heart rate: hypertension and CAD, highly addictive physical dependance develops quickly

A

Nicotine

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14
Q

Atypical antidepressant that is a weak dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, used to decrease nicotine craving in tobacco abuse

A

Bupropion

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15
Q

SNRI not used in hepatic disease or end stage renal disease

A

Duloxetine

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16
Q

Short acting barbiturates - 3

A

pentobarbital, secobarbital, amobarbital

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17
Q

Atypical antidepressant SRI’s that are used as sedatives

A

Nafazodon and Trazodone

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18
Q

non barbiturate anti anxiety and sedative agent that depresses CNS and induces hynposis in large doses, has synergistic action with antihistamines and barbiturates causing CNS depression

A

Ethanol

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19
Q

Precaution for Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Manic-depressive patients

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20
Q

Ennthusiasm, rapid thought and speech patterns, extreme self confidence and impaired judgment

A

Mania

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21
Q

Anxiolytics with NO antipsychotic or analgesic action, selictive inhibition of neuronal circuits in limbic system

A

Benzodiazepines

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22
Q

Adverse effects due to antimuscarinic properties of tricyclic antidepressants

A

blurred vision, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, glaucoma

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23
Q

Alprozolam, chlordiazepozide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, estazolam, flurazepam, temazepam, trazolam

A

Benzodiazepines

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24
Q

Family of sedative and hypnotic agents used commonly in the 1950’s, induce tolerance, pysical dependence, severe withdrawal, coma in toxic dose, death, stronger psychological and physical effects than benzodiazepines, block Na/K pump and target GABA receptor “Double Whammy”

A

Barbiturates- amobarbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, thiopental

25
Q

Withdrawal of this drug causes tremors, weakness, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, delirium, cardiac arrest, and is more severe than withdrawal from opiates and can cause death

A

Phenobarbital

26
Q

Lethal dose of benzodiazepines is how many times greater than the typical therapeutic dose

A

1000X

27
Q

highly addictive substance that blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine,, formerly used as local anesthetic by EMT, snorting can lead to infectious diseases in the brain

A

Cocaine

28
Q

Drugs that block the enzyme MAO, that functions as a safety valve to inactivate excess neurotransmitters

A

Monoamino- Oxidase Inhibitors

29
Q

Non barbiturate sedative derivative of acetaldehyde with short sleep induction lasting up to 6 hours, if woken up, patient may lose balance

A

Chloral Hydrate

30
Q

Hypnotic agent usually used for allergies

A

antihistamines

31
Q

Long Lasting Drugs (1-3 days) that function by binding to high affinity sites adjacent to GABA receptors that are only found in CNS, hyperpolarize the inner membrane to cause anxiety and sleepiness

A

Benzodiazepines

32
Q

Active ingredient of tobacco, second most widely used CNS stimulant, only therapeutic use is to help stop smoking,

A

Nicotine

33
Q

drug for generalized anxiety, action mediated by serotonin, disadvantage is slow onset of action

A

Buspirone - benzo

34
Q

Long acting barbiturate lasting longer than 1 day and used to treat seizures, CNS depression but no analgesic properties, suppress CO2 chemoreceptors leading to respiratory failure in overdose, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic properties

A

Phenobarbital

35
Q

DOC for tonic-clonic seizures

A

Phenobarbital

36
Q

CNS stimulant and most prescribed drug for children, treats ADD, increases dopamine in synaptic cleft

A

Methylfenidate - Ritalin

37
Q

short action hypnotic agent without withrawal symptoms and no anticonvulsant or muscle relazing properties

A

Zolpidem (ambien) - benzo

38
Q

Stimulants employed for ADD and Narcolepsy

A

Amphetamines

39
Q

Older agents used for depression that also block reuptake ofnorepinephrine and serotonin, improve mood in 2 weeks instead of 12 by effecting multiple neurotransmitters

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

40
Q

imipramine, amitriptyline, Doxepin,

A

Tertiary Amines - tricyclic

41
Q

GABA receptor antagonist that rapidly reverses effects of benzodiazepines, may precipitate withdrawal and cause seizures

A

Fumazenil- benzodeazepine antagonist

42
Q

Ultra short acting barbiturate, seconds-30 min, used to INDUCE ANESTHESIA

A

thiopental

43
Q

Intense feeling of sadness, hoplessness, despair, and inability to experience pleasure in daily activities

A

Depression

44
Q

Desipramine, Nortipryline, Amoxapine

A

Secondary Amines- tricyclic

45
Q

Main component of tea, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, former mainstream tx of asthma , may provoke seizures in high doses, and lethal doses causes cardiac arrythmias

A

Theophylline

46
Q

Most prescribed antdepressant in developed countries

A

Fluoxetine

47
Q

Drugs used clinically to treat depression when allergic or intolerant to TCA’s and SSRI

A

Phenelzine and Tranylcypromide- MAO I’s

48
Q

Benzodiazepines have 3 therapeutic uses:

A

Anxiety, Muscle spasm, Seizure

49
Q

Atypical antidepressant SRI with slight antidepressant but mostly used to help pts with insomnia, increases appetite and weight gain is common

A

Mirtazapine

50
Q

T or F: Benzodiazepines were replaced by Barbiturates

A

FALSE

51
Q

antihistaminic and antiemetic agent used before dental prcedures in pts with hx of drug abuse

A

Hydroxyzine- benzo

52
Q

Characteristics of Benzodiazepines that cause more severe and frequent withdrawal symptoms

A

More potent and faster rate of elimination

53
Q

Category: fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluvozamine

A

SSRI- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

54
Q

Effective for bed wetting (eneuresis) in children by causing internal sphincter bladder contraction

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

55
Q

Most commonly used drug in society

A

Alcohol

56
Q

Adverse effects of Benzodiazepines

A

Psychological and Physical: dependence, and withdrawal symptoms from abrupt discontinuation: anziety, insomnia, tension, confusion, inhibition of performance of tasks requiring coordination

57
Q

Drug used for prophylactic treatment of manic depressive disorder and episodes, alters secondary messenger IP, toxic with very low therapeutic index, can cause ataxia

A

Lithium Salts

58
Q

Drugs that cannot be taken with tyramine containing foods due to the release of catecholamines from nerve terminals resulting in headache, tachycardia, stroke

A

MAO I’s - Phenelzine and Tranylcypromide

59
Q

How do drugs treat conditions like bipolar, mania, depression?

A

Potentiate the actions of serotonin and epinephrine

Summer Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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