Lecture 4

Question 1

DOC for Status Epilepticus Seizures, and what category of drug is it?

Answer 1

Diazepam- Benzodiazepine

Question 2

Stimulants for depression with similar effects as cocaine, dependent on catecholamines by releasing them from stores, also blocks MAO, may produce seizures at high dose

Answer 2

Amphetamines

Question 3

Mood altering illnesses (2) affecting the ability to function, lack of energy, sleep disturbance, and loss of libido

Answer 3

Depression and Bipolar

Question 4

hypnotic agent selective on melatonin 1 and 2 (MT1/2) receptors needed because light stimulates retina and decreases release of melatonin good for light deprived seasonal abnormal circadian rhythm like living in Alaska, may promote prolactin, causing secretion from breast tissue

Answer 4

Ramelton- benzo

Question 5

Most widely used agents replacing barbiturates, anxiolytic treatment that is more safe and effective, used parenterally in emergency situations

Answer 5

Benzodiazepines

Question 6

Drug that causes ganglionic blockade in CNS, soluble in lipids and widely distributed to all body tissues including the brain, stimulant at low dose, respiratory paralysis at high dose

Answer 6

Nicotine

Question 7

Cardiovascular effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants

Answer 7

orthostatic hyotension with reflex tachycardia in elderly

Question 8

Category of drugs used to produce excitement and euphoria, diminish fatigue, and increase motor activity

Answer 8

Psychomotor Stimulants

Question 9

drugs used when SSRI’s are not effective, used for neuropathic pain

Answer 9

SNRI- venlafazcine, Duloxetine

Question 10

oral sedative drug with prolonged effectiveness for insomnia

Answer 10

Excopiclone- lunesta- benzo

Question 11

Most widely used CNS stimulant (not drug) CNS stimulant that increases mental alertness by stimulating cerebral cortex, doses of 1.5 grams cause anxiety and tremors, diuretic and HCL stimulation

Answer 11

Caffeine

Question 12

Unpleasant state of tension, apprehension, uneasiness, accompanies with tachycardia, sweating, trembling, and pallitations, drugs only used when chronic and debilitating.

Answer 12

Anxiety

Question 13

Drug that has high risk of increasing blood pressure and heart rate: hypertension and CAD, highly addictive physical dependance develops quickly

Answer 13

Nicotine

Question 14

Atypical antidepressant that is a weak dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, used to decrease nicotine craving in tobacco abuse

Answer 14

Bupropion

Question 15

SNRI not used in hepatic disease or end stage renal disease

Answer 15

Duloxetine

Question 16

Short acting barbiturates - 3

Answer 16

pentobarbital, secobarbital, amobarbital

Question 17

Atypical antidepressant SRI’s that are used as sedatives

Answer 17

Nafazodon and Trazodone

Question 18

non barbiturate anti anxiety and sedative agent that depresses CNS and induces hynposis in large doses, has synergistic action with antihistamines and barbiturates causing CNS depression

Answer 18

Ethanol

Question 19

Precaution for Tricyclic Antidepressants

Answer 19

Manic-depressive patients

Question 20

Ennthusiasm, rapid thought and speech patterns, extreme self confidence and impaired judgment

Answer 20

Mania

Question 21

Anxiolytics with NO antipsychotic or analgesic action, selictive inhibition of neuronal circuits in limbic system

Answer 21

Benzodiazepines

Question 22

Adverse effects due to antimuscarinic properties of tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 22

blurred vision, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, glaucoma

Question 23

Alprozolam, chlordiazepozide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, estazolam, flurazepam, temazepam, trazolam

Answer 23

Benzodiazepines

Question 24

Family of sedative and hypnotic agents used commonly in the 1950’s, induce tolerance, pysical dependence, severe withdrawal, coma in toxic dose, death, stronger psychological and physical effects than benzodiazepines, block Na/K pump and target GABA receptor “Double Whammy”

Answer 24

Barbiturates- amobarbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, thiopental

Question 25

Withdrawal of this drug causes tremors, weakness, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, delirium, cardiac arrest, and is more severe than withdrawal from opiates and can cause death

Answer 25

Phenobarbital

Question 26

Lethal dose of benzodiazepines is how many times greater than the typical therapeutic dose

Answer 26

1000X

Question 27

highly addictive substance that blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine,, formerly used as local anesthetic by EMT, snorting can lead to infectious diseases in the brain

Answer 27

Cocaine

Question 28

Drugs that block the enzyme MAO, that functions as a safety valve to inactivate excess neurotransmitters

Answer 28

Monoamino- Oxidase Inhibitors

Question 29

Non barbiturate sedative derivative of acetaldehyde with short sleep induction lasting up to 6 hours, if woken up, patient may lose balance

Answer 29

Chloral Hydrate

Question 30

Hypnotic agent usually used for allergies

Answer 30

antihistamines

Question 31

Long Lasting Drugs (1-3 days) that function by binding to high affinity sites adjacent to GABA receptors that are only found in CNS, hyperpolarize the inner membrane to cause anxiety and sleepiness

Answer 31

Benzodiazepines

Question 32

Active ingredient of tobacco, second most widely used CNS stimulant, only therapeutic use is to help stop smoking,

Answer 32

Nicotine

Question 33

drug for generalized anxiety, action mediated by serotonin, disadvantage is slow onset of action

Answer 33

Buspirone - benzo

Question 34

Long acting barbiturate lasting longer than 1 day and used to treat seizures, CNS depression but no analgesic properties, suppress CO2 chemoreceptors leading to respiratory failure in overdose, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic properties

Answer 34

Phenobarbital

Question 35

DOC for tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 35

Phenobarbital

Question 36

CNS stimulant and most prescribed drug for children, treats ADD, increases dopamine in synaptic cleft

Answer 36

Methylfenidate - Ritalin

Question 37

short action hypnotic agent without withrawal symptoms and no anticonvulsant or muscle relazing properties

Answer 37

Zolpidem (ambien) - benzo

Question 38

Stimulants employed for ADD and Narcolepsy

Answer 38

Amphetamines

Question 39

Older agents used for depression that also block reuptake ofnorepinephrine and serotonin, improve mood in 2 weeks instead of 12 by effecting multiple neurotransmitters

Answer 39

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Question 40

imipramine, amitriptyline, Doxepin,

Answer 40

Tertiary Amines - tricyclic

Question 41

GABA receptor antagonist that rapidly reverses effects of benzodiazepines, may precipitate withdrawal and cause seizures

Answer 41

Fumazenil- benzodeazepine antagonist

Question 42

Ultra short acting barbiturate, seconds-30 min, used to INDUCE ANESTHESIA

Answer 42

thiopental

Question 43

Intense feeling of sadness, hoplessness, despair, and inability to experience pleasure in daily activities

Answer 43

Depression

Question 44

Desipramine, Nortipryline, Amoxapine

Answer 44

Secondary Amines- tricyclic

Question 45

Main component of tea, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, former mainstream tx of asthma , may provoke seizures in high doses, and lethal doses causes cardiac arrythmias

Answer 45

Theophylline

Question 46

Most prescribed antdepressant in developed countries

Answer 46

Fluoxetine

Question 47

Drugs used clinically to treat depression when allergic or intolerant to TCA's and SSRI

Answer 47

Phenelzine and Tranylcypromide- MAO I's

Question 48

Benzodiazepines have 3 therapeutic uses:

Answer 48

Anxiety, Muscle spasm, Seizure

Question 49

Atypical antidepressant SRI with slight antidepressant but mostly used to help pts with insomnia, increases appetite and weight gain is common

Answer 49

Mirtazapine

Question 50

T or F: Benzodiazepines were replaced by Barbiturates

Answer 50

FALSE

Question 51

antihistaminic and antiemetic agent used before dental prcedures in pts with hx of drug abuse

Answer 51

Hydroxyzine- benzo

Question 52

Characteristics of Benzodiazepines that cause more severe and frequent withdrawal symptoms

Answer 52

More potent and faster rate of elimination

Question 53

Category: fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluvozamine

Answer 53

SSRI- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 54

Effective for bed wetting (eneuresis) in children by causing internal sphincter bladder contraction

Answer 54

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Question 55

Most commonly used drug in society

Answer 55

Alcohol

Question 56

Adverse effects of Benzodiazepines

Answer 56

Psychological and Physical: dependence, and withdrawal symptoms from abrupt discontinuation: anziety, insomnia, tension, confusion, inhibition of performance of tasks requiring coordination

Question 57

Drug used for prophylactic treatment of manic depressive disorder and episodes, alters secondary messenger IP, toxic with very low therapeutic index, can cause ataxia

Answer 57

Lithium Salts

Question 58

Drugs that cannot be taken with tyramine containing foods due to the release of catecholamines from nerve terminals resulting in headache, tachycardia, stroke

Answer 58

MAO I's - Phenelzine and Tranylcypromide

Question 59

How do drugs treat conditions like bipolar, mania, depression?

Answer 59

Potentiate the actions of serotonin and epinephrine