Lecture 7 Flashcards
Lecture 7:
What are 4 things Surgery is used for?
1.) Prevention
2.) Diagnosis
3.) Staging
4.) Treatment
Lecture 7:
What is the goal of surgery?
To remove as much cancer as possible & preserve as much normal tissue & function as possible
- each cancer case is different & most cancer survivors have some kind of surgery done
Lecture 7:
What is Preventive Surgery?
Surgery to remove tissue that is not malignant (so benign) but might become malignant
*sometimes may be the mastectomy for women @ high cancer risk (not common though)
Lecture 7:
What is Diagnostic Surgery?
Surgery performed to get a tissue sample
Lecture 7:
When discussing diagnostic surgeries, what is a Biopsy?
Procedure used to find out what the tumour is (benign or malignant)
Lecture 7:
What are 3 different biopsy procedures?
1.) Fine Needle Aspiration = go into mass & pull cells out to review
2.) Core Needle Aspiration = bigger needle used to take chunk out of a mass
3.) Excisional & Incisional Biopsies = sending chunks of tumour away
Lecture 7:
What is the difference between Excisional & Incisional Biopsies?
Excisional = taking the entire tumour out & sending it away
Incisional = taking a small piece of tumour out & sending it away
Lecture 7:
When discussing diagnostic surgeries, what is an endoscopy?
- 2 examples
A camera inserted through natural body openings
So the surgeon can view the tumour & take a biopsy through the scope
Eg; Cytoscopy = bladder/urethra & Colonoscopy = colon/butthole
Lecture 7:
When discussing diagnostic surgeries, what is a Laproscopy?
Similar to an endoscopy but incision is made in the abdomen for scope to be inserted
- minimally invasive with quick recovery & little pain
Lecture 7:
What is a Staging Surgery?
Surgery often done based on the diagnostic results
- based on how much cancer & how much spread has occurred
- physicians then determine the stage of cancer after this procedure (measure size of tumour which will tell how far cancer progressed)
Lecture 7:
What is Curative Surgery?
Preformed when tumour appears confined & often used as primary treatment
- Chemo & RT may be used pre or post surgery
Lecture 7:
What is it called when Chemotherapy & RT is used pre-surgery vs post-surgery?
Pre-Surgery = neo-adjuvant & done when trying to shrink the tumour
Post-Surgery = adjuvant & often times chemo occurs after surgery if needed
Lecture 7:
What is Debulking Surgery?
Surgery used when its too dangerous to remove entire tumour so only part is removed
- Chemo & radiation used to kill remaining tumour cells
Lecture 7:
What is Palliative Surgery?
Used to teat complications of advanced cancer & when patient is definitely not expected to survive
- goal = correct problem causing the pain
Lecture 7:
What is an example of cancer requiring Palliative Surgery?
Cancer in abdomen blocking intestine so…
- enhance quality of life in best way possible
- wont cure them
Lecture 7:
What is Restorative/Reconstructive Surgery?
- provide example
Used to restore function/appearance after curative & debulking surgeries
- eg; breast reconstruction after mastectomy **if reconstruction is done, cancer can still come back in that region & would be harder to find
Lecture 7:
When discussing the side effects of surgery, what is Lymphedema?
- where does it occur?
- what patients often have it?
Any disruption to the lymphatic system (not typically noticeable) that causes swelling from a buildup of lymph fluid in soft tissues (due to system blockage)
- can be in legs or arms & often seen in breast cancer survivors who had lymph nodes removed
Lecture 7:
When discussing the side effects of surgery, what are some symptoms of Lymphedema?
Pain, discomfort, & body image problems
Lecture 7:
When discussing the side effects of surgery, how would physical activity be impacted by Lymphedema?
PA may be very difficult & discomforting due to the heavier limb
- used to be thought that PA would increase lymphedema but that isn’t true as it may actually reduce it
Lecture 7:
How is body image impacted by cancer & surgeries?
Scarring or disfigurement can occur from surgery
- PA wont help change your insecurities but may distract from them or boost your confidence
Lecture 7:
What are some limitations pain from surgery may have on cancer survivors?
Post-surgical pain can be short or long term
- PA may be helpful so joints and body remains in motion & doesnt stiffen
- physio & exercise will be helpful
Lecture 7:
How can loss of function occur during cancer surgery?
- Muscle may be removed during surgery
- bladder or colon may be removed (ostomy bag required)
- could make PA challenging if people are self-concision
