Lecture 10 - Cancer Rehab Flashcards
Lecture 10:
What have studies shown about PA & cancer survivors?
PA rates are improving in cancer survivors but still not meeting the healthy people 2030 target of 21.2%
Lecture 10:
How do cancer survivors PA rates compare to the general population?
- 18+ reporting no PA in leisure time
No significant differences between younger survivors & age-matched general population
- significantly less PA in survivors population than general, especially 65 years
Lecture 10:
How do cancer survivors PA levels from 1997 compare to 2022?
Cancer survivors are getting more physically active overall but still have a long way to go
Lecture 10:
In the past, what were cancer patients/survivors told to do in terms of rehab & PA?
- told to rest
- many stayed in hospital during treatment
- breast cancer patients were to avoid using upper body (bc lymphedema)
Lecture 10:
In 1981, what did Buettner & Garon study in cancer survivors?
Cancer survivors on an 8-week long training
- showed significant improvement in aerobic capacity
Lecture 10:
In 1985, what did Winningham & MacVicar study in cancer survivors?
On-treatment (chemo) breast cancer survivors for 10 weeks while they did a cycle ergometer test 3x/week
- exercise group showed improved aerobic capacity by 20.7% & Control group showed decreased capacity by 1.8%
Lecture 10:
what is the gold standard study design that is best for Cancer patients ?
Randomized controlled Trial where participants are randomly assigned to the conditions where there will be a control group & 1+ treatment group
Lecture 10:
What did early studies show in regards to PA & cancer patients?
Showed benefit of PA for cancer survivors & improved survival, quality of life, & increased fitness
Lecture 10:
With insuffienct PA, what are individuals at higher risk of?
Insufficient PA leads to 5x higher risk of all-cause and no cancer mortality
Lecture 10:
What are a couple things that PA can increase?
Quality of life, physical health, & mental health following diagnosis & treatment
Lecture 10:
What are the 4 cancer types that PA has shown to be beneficial for?
Evidence strongly suggests PA is beneficial for; Breast, Prostate, Colorectal, & Lung cancers
Lecture 10:
What are 3 other cancers that have shown some evidence of PA helping survivorship?
Sme evidence suggesting PA to be beneficial for hematological, head/neck, & childhood cancers
Lecture 10:
What are the types of PA interventions that have been tested on cancer patients so far?
- 6 points
1.) Aerobic Training
2.) Resistance Training
3.) Combined programs
4.) Several times per week
5.) Wide range of duration per session
6.) Varying intensity (often moderate)
Lecture 10:
What impact did PA have on the side effects of cancer treatments in cancer patients?
PA reduced the side effects of treatment
- Chemotherapy & Radiotherapy found to inhibit PA due to their side effects
Lecture 10:
What impact did PA have on fatigue in cancer patients?
Regular PA combined with appropriate diet reduced fatigue & remained lower for one year after intervention
- PA has significant impact on fatigue in breast & colorectal patients
Lecture 10:
What impact did PA have on physical fitness, strength, & body weight in cancer patients?
- improves aerobic fitness & upper body strength
- decreased BMI & body fat %
- aerobic & resistance training combined was associated with upper & lower body muscle endurance in breast cancer patients
Lecture 10:
What impact did PA have on Mental Health in cancer patients?
PA = positive impact as it reduces anxiety & depression while increasing happiness
Lecture 10:
What impact did PA have on Quality of Life in cancer patients?
PA improves social & physical QoL
- aerobic & resistance exercises improve QoL by reducing depression, fatigue, & physical deconditioning & results in better long term QoL
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Lecture 10:
What impact did PA have on Mortality & longer survival in cancer patients?
PA reduces mortality in colorectal, breast, & prostate cancer patients
- PA reduces mortality risk by 40-50%
- moderate PA associated with lower survival & reduced risk of cancer-related mortality
Lecture 10:
What are 6 potential concerns of PA with cancer survivors?
1.) Cardiotoxicity
2.) Immune Function
3.) Survivor Compliance
4.) Faster Tumour Growth
5.) Pathological Bone Fractures
6.) Lymphedema
Lecture 10:
When discussing potential concerns of PA, what is Cardiotoxicity?
- what have studies shown?
- anthracyclines (chemo drug class) may cause irreversible damage on cardiac function
- exercise causes more chemotherapy agents to pass through the heart
- no studies show increased incidence in Cardiotoxicity in exercisers
Lecture 10:
When discussing potential concerns of PA, How could immune function be compromised?
- what have studies shown?
Concern that PA may compromise immune function however opposite may be true
- immune function is optimized if working out the right amount but too much training can be detrimental to immunity
- guidelines to help ensure safety based on blood counts
Lecture 10:
When discussing potential concerns of PA, How could survivor compliance be compromised/what is it?
- what have studies shown?
People think survivors wont comply with PA as too much else to cope with; but opposite may be true as PA has positive effects on;
- coping, fatigue “normalcy” in life, & anxiety/depression reduction
Lecture 10:
When discussing potential concerns of PA, How could this accelerate tumour growth?
- what have studies shown?
More blood flow through body & brings nutrients to tumour
- no evidence that PA causes an increase in tumour growth
Lecture 10:
When discussing potential concerns of PA, How may this increase pathological bone fractures?
- what have studies shown?
Chemotherapy weakens bones so could be at higher risk of bone fractures but no proof fully
- no intervention study had indicated an increased rate of this in exercise patients compared to control
Lecture 10:
What is Lymphedema?
Slow, progressive swelling of a limb following removal of lymph node or radiation
Lecture 10:
When discussing potential concerns of PA, How could this impact lymphedema?
- what have studies shown?
Great concern about risk of worsening lymphedema through upper body PA
- studies have shown though that under controlled circumstances, PA doesn’t exacerbate lymphedema
