Lecture 7 Flashcards
What is flexibility
-the ability of joints to move through their full range of motion
What are the 2 types of flexibility
-static
-dynamic
What is static flexibility
-the ability to hold an extended position at one end or point in a joints range of motion
What is dynamic flexibility
-the ability to move a joint through its range of motion with little resistance
What is balance
-the ability to control the centre of mass in relationship to the base of support
What are the 2 types of balance
-static
-dynamic
What is static balance
-the ability to maintain the centre of gravity within the supporting base while standing or sitting
What is dynamic balance
-the ability to maintain an upright position while the centre of gravity and base of support are moving, and the centre of gravity is moving outside of the support base
What is reactive balance
-the ability to compensate and recover from perturbations while standing or walking
What is functional balance
-the ability to perform daily movement tasks requiring balance
What factors contribute to risk of falls
-body function and structures
-personal factors
-environmental factors
Body function and structures
-muscle
-sensory
-attention
-cognition
-cardiovascular
Personal factors
-previous falls/near falls
-confidence
-fear of falling
Environmental factors
-slippery or uneven surfaces
-stairs
-lighting
-clothing/footwear
-thick/loose rugs
-pets
How do we assess balance
-direct measures
-indirect measures
Direct measures
-force plates
Indirect measures
-general screen
-one legged stance test
-BBS
-Y balance
How do we assess static balance
-standing eyes open and closed
-decrease BOS
-feet together, tandem stance, unipedal stance
How do we assess dynamic balance
-rotating
-bending
-turning 360 degrees
-alternate stepping
What does the one leg stance test measure
-static balance
What does the berg balance scale measure
-static balance and fall risk
What population is Berg scale used in
-clinical
What clinical populations is Berg scale used in
-older adults
-stroke
-spinal injury
-pulmonary diseases
-parkinsons disease
-osteoarthritis
-alzheimers
How many points is Berg scale out of
-5
-0-4
Can gait aids be used for berg test
-no
What is the maximum score for Berg scale
-56
100% risk of falling Berg scale score
-less than or equal to 40
Increased risk of falls and may benefit from a walker Berg scale score
-less than 45
Individual is more likely to fall and should be assessed further Berg scale score
less than or equal to 50
What does the Y-test measure
-dynamic balance
What are some recommendations to improve balance
-progressively difficult postures that gradually reduce base of support
-dynamic movements that perturb centre of gravity
-stressing postural muscle groups
-reducing sensory input
-tai chi
What is the intra-rater reliability for BBS
-0.98
What is the inter-rater reliability for BBS
-0.98
What detectable change does the BBS test have for older adults
-minimal
How many items are on the BBS
-14
How to measure limb length
-measure distance from ASIS to the distal aspect of medial malleolus
