Lecture 7

Question 1

What is flexibility

Answer 1

-the ability of joints to move through their full range of motion

Question 2

What are the 2 types of flexibility

Answer 2

-static
-dynamic

Question 3

What is static flexibility

Answer 3

-the ability to hold an extended position at one end or point in a joints range of motion

Question 4

What is dynamic flexibility

Answer 4

-the ability to move a joint through its range of motion with little resistance

Question 5

What is balance

Answer 5

-the ability to control the centre of mass in relationship to the base of support

Question 6

What are the 2 types of balance

Answer 6

-static
-dynamic

Question 7

What is static balance

Answer 7

-the ability to maintain the centre of gravity within the supporting base while standing or sitting

Question 8

What is dynamic balance

Answer 8

-the ability to maintain an upright position while the centre of gravity and base of support are moving, and the centre of gravity is moving outside of the support base

Question 9

What is reactive balance

Answer 9

-the ability to compensate and recover from perturbations while standing or walking

Question 10

What is functional balance

Answer 10

-the ability to perform daily movement tasks requiring balance

Question 11

What factors contribute to risk of falls

Answer 11

-body function and structures
-personal factors
-environmental factors

Question 12

Body function and structures

Answer 12

-muscle
-sensory
-attention
-cognition
-cardiovascular

Question 13

Personal factors

Answer 13

-previous falls/near falls
-confidence
-fear of falling

Question 14

Environmental factors

Answer 14

-slippery or uneven surfaces
-stairs
-lighting
-clothing/footwear
-thick/loose rugs
-pets

Question 15

How do we assess balance

Answer 15

-direct measures
-indirect measures

Question 16

Direct measures

Answer 16

-force plates

Question 17

Indirect measures

Answer 17

-general screen
-one legged stance test
-BBS
-Y balance

Question 18

How do we assess static balance

Answer 18

-standing eyes open and closed
-decrease BOS
-feet together, tandem stance, unipedal stance

Question 19

How do we assess dynamic balance

Answer 19

-rotating
-bending
-turning 360 degrees
-alternate stepping

Question 20

What does the one leg stance test measure

Answer 20

-static balance

Question 21

What does the berg balance scale measure

Answer 21

-static balance and fall risk

Question 22

What population is Berg scale used in

Answer 22

-clinical

Question 23

What clinical populations is Berg scale used in

Answer 23

-older adults
-stroke
-spinal injury
-pulmonary diseases
-parkinsons disease
-osteoarthritis
-alzheimers

Question 24

How many points is Berg scale out of

Answer 24

-5
-0-4

Question 25

Can gait aids be used for berg test

Answer 25

-no

Question 26

What is the maximum score for Berg scale

Answer 26

-56

Question 27

100% risk of falling Berg scale score

Answer 27

-less than or equal to 40

Question 28

Increased risk of falls and may benefit from a walker Berg scale score

Answer 28

-less than 45

Question 29

Individual is more likely to fall and should be assessed further Berg scale score

Answer 29

less than or equal to 50

Question 30

What does the Y-test measure

Answer 30

-dynamic balance

Question 31

What are some recommendations to improve balance

Answer 31

-progressively difficult postures that gradually reduce base of support
-dynamic movements that perturb centre of gravity
-stressing postural muscle groups
-reducing sensory input
-tai chi

Question 32

What is the intra-rater reliability for BBS

Answer 32

-0.98

Question 33

What is the inter-rater reliability for BBS

Answer 33

-0.98

Question 34

What detectable change does the BBS test have for older adults

Answer 34

-minimal

Question 35

How many items are on the BBS

Answer 35

-14

Question 36

How to measure limb length

Answer 36

-measure distance from ASIS to the distal aspect of medial malleolus