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KNPE 355 Lectures > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is body composition

A

-refers to the components that make up the body

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2
Q

What is included in body composition

A

-body weight and relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital tissues
-often limited to fat and lean body mass

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3
Q

What is relative body mass

A

-percentage of fat

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4
Q

What is absolute body mass

A

-kilograms of fat

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5
Q

What is a good body fat percentage for males

A

-12-23%

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6
Q

What is a good body fat percentage for females

A

-17-26%

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7
Q

What health risks is obesity related to

A

-cardiovascular disease
-peripheral vascular disease
-hypertension
-type 2 diabetes
-metabolic syndrome
-sleep disorders
-stroke

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8
Q

Why do we measure body composition

A

-determine risk of metabolic diseases
-maximize performance/health
-research outcome

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9
Q

Different types of body composition models

A

-two component models
-three component models

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10
Q

Two component models

A

-anthropometry (circumference)
-skinfolds
-bioelectrical impedance analysis
-underwater weighing
-bod pod
-ultrasound

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11
Q

Three component models

A

-duel energy x ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
-MRI
-CT

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12
Q

When is a body composition technique valid

A

-when it measures what it says it measures

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13
Q

When is a body composition technique considered reliable

A

-when the results are reproducible

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14
Q

What is considered the gold standard for body composition measurements

A

-DEXA
-3 component model which provides an estimate of bone, fat, and lean tissue densities

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15
Q

How does underwater weighing work

A

-one of the most valid methods of estimating relative body fat
-uses density

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16
Q

What is air-displacement plethysmography

A

-BOD POD
-displacement of air in a sealed compartment

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17
Q

What is BMI

A

-proxy measure for body fat
-used to classify underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity classes in adults and children

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18
Q

What is the equation for BMI

A

BMI = wt (kg) /Ht2 (m2)

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19
Q

What are the strengths of BMI

A

-simple, inexpensive, reliable measure
-national and international standards available
-high specificity for detecting excessive adiposity with higher BMI values in adults

20
Q

Weaknesses of BMI

A

-does not provide direct body fat measure
-poor estimates of body fat in some ethnic groups, ages, body build/frame size

21
Q

What does waist circumference measure

A

-intra-abdominal fat

22
Q

Strengths of waist circumference

A

-closely linked to increased risk for chronic disease in both adults and children
-may provide a better indicator of chronic disease risk than BMI, especially in individuals with normal BMI values

23
Q

Weaknesses of waist circumference

A

-does not directly measure intra-abdominal fat
-practitioner must be trained
-2-3 measures need to be taken and averaged

24
Q

What do skinfolds measure

A

-body fat

25
Q

What is the approximate error of skinfold measurements

A

-3.5%

26
Q

What is the skinfold equation

A

-%body fat = (4.95 /density) - 4.50

27
Q

Strengths of skinfolds

A

-relatively easy measurement with minimal equipment
-relationship between subcutaneous fat and total body fat varies with race, age and sex so population specific equations have been developed

28
Q

Weaknesses of skinfolds

A

-calipers vary in quality, and some can be inaccurate
-intra and inter-rate reliability
-not recommended for people with BMI greater than 30 kg/m2

29
Q

Factors that may contribute to skinfold measurement error

A

-poor anatomical landmark identification
-poor measurement technique
-inexperienced evaluator
-extremely obese or extremely lean participant
-improperly calibrated caliper

30
Q

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

-estimates fat-free mass and total body water
-based on bodys ability to conduct mild electric current

31
Q

Strengths of bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

-validated equation available for adults and children
-standard error estimates available for BIA published equation

32
Q

Weaknesses of bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

-equations less valid for identify adiposity in individuals with high or low BMI values
-accuracy depends of following standardized procedures

33
Q

BMI underweight value

A

-18.5

34
Q

BMI normal weight value

A

-18.5-24.9

35
Q

BMI overweight value

A

-25.0-29.9

36
Q

BMI class 1 obesity value

A

-30-34.9

37
Q

BMI class 2 obesity value

A

-35-39.9

38
Q

BMI class 3 obesity value

A

-greater than 40

39
Q

Landmark for measuring waist circumference

A

-measurement at the approximate midpoint between the lower margin of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest

40
Q

What does greater total body water mean in regard to BIA

A

-current passes more easily through the body

41
Q

Which type of tissue has a lower water content than fat free mass

A

-fat tissue

42
Q

In what individuals is BIA greater in

A

-individuals with more body fat

43
Q

Siri equation to convert body density to body fat percentage

A

-%body fat = (4.95/density) - 4.50

44
Q

What waist circumference is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease in men

A

-greater than 102 cm

45
Q

What waist circumference is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease in women

A

-greater than 88 cm

KNPE 355 Lectures (9 decks)

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