Lecture 4 Flashcards
Benefits of improving cardiorespiratory fitness
reduced risk of:
-developing dementia and alzheimer disease
-adverse health outcomes such as developing prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes
-developing cardiovascular disease
-developing types of cancer
-disability later in life
What is Vo2 max
-measurement of the maximum rate of volume of oxygen your body can use during exercise
What is an individuals Vo2 max determined by
-measuring gas exchange during intense physical exercise
What does a VO2 max test involve
-incrementally increasing exercise intensity to ensure maximal aerobic energy transfer
What are the 4 different ways of measuring CRF
-cardiopulmonary exercise tests
-maximal exercise test
-submaximal exercise test
-estimated CRF
What does submaximal exercise testing do
-measures VO2 max indirectly through predictive equations based on the HR - workload relationship
-uses submaximal work rates
-limited diagnostic capabilities
-more accessible in the community or clinical setting
Factors that can increase heart rate during submaximal exercise testing
-caffeine
-after eating a meal
-feeling anxious
-smoking
-humid weather/environment
Caffeine
-drinking caffeine within 3 hours of completing your test can increase your heart rate at rest and during activity
After eating a meal
-your heart needs to pump additional blood to the stomach to aid digestion
-after eating and digesting food, your heart rate should return to normal
Feeling anxious
-any form of emotional stress can increase your heart rate
Smoking
-smoking damages the cardiovascular system and can affect the heart by increasing blood pressure, narrowing the arteries, and increasing heart rate
Humid weather/environment
-high temperatures and high humidity result in more blood flow to the skin as the body attempts to cool itself off
-this can cause the heart to beat faster while circulating twice as much blood per minute than on a normal day
What are disadvantages to be aware of when using these tests
-for some people, this type of test could be a maximal test
-the individuals motivation and pacing strategy during the test can have a profound effect on the final outcome
-does not allow comprehensive monitoring of both HR and BP during the test
-relatively large standard error of the estimate
Ceiling effect
-the test is too easy to produce sufficient CV response to get an accurate functional capacity
Floor effect
-the test is too difficult so that the test is not limited by the cardiovascular system but by other barrier
Aim of submaximal exercise testing
-to determine if the RH response to one or more submaximal work rates and use the results to predict VO2max
Objective measures collected during submaximal exercise testing
-HR
-BP
-workload
-RPE
-SpO2
-symptoms
What do we use our results for as an R kin
-exercise prescription
Other purposes of exercise testing
-educating clients about their present fitness status relative to age and sex matched norms
-collecting baseline and follow-up data to evaluate progress
-motivating patients by establishing reasonable and attainable exercise goals
-providing information to inform return to work decisions
-disability/mobility assessment
How do we obtain the most accurate estimate of VO2 max
-steady state HR is obtained for each exercise work rate
-linear relationship exists between HR and work rate
-difference between actual and predicted maximal HR is minimal
-mechanical efficiency is the same for everyone
-the client is not on any HR altering medications
-the client is not consuming high quantities of caffeine, is ill or in a high-temp environment
Pretest procedure for submax tests
-review the clients medical history, exercise clearance, reasons for the chosen test, recent symptoms, and current medications
-explain test to the client
-inform the client to tell you about any symptoms
What symptoms should client tell you about
-chest discomfort
-dyspnea
-claudication
Safety with heart rate during sub max
-HR increases with progressive workloads at rate of 10 bpm per MET
-HR should decrease by at least 12 beats during first min of recovery
-HR should decrease by 22 beats by the end of the second minute of recovery
Safety with blood pressure
-SBP increases with increasing workloads at a rate of 10 mm Hg per MET
-normally no change or slight change in DBP
-post exercise SBP returns to pre-exercise levels or lower by 6 min of recovery
BP values that indicate that you should stop exercise
-hypertensive response
-hypotensive response
-DBP > 115 mm Hg
BP hypertensive response
-SBP > 250 mm Hg
BP hypotensive response
-decrease of SBP below pretest resting value or by >20 mm Hg after initial increase
Symptoms that you should stop exercise test
-dyspnea
-wheezing
-leg cramps
-claudication
-signs of poor perfusion
-noticeable change in heart rhythm
-participant requests to stop
-physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue
What is the standard error of the estimate for submaximal exercise tests
-10-15%
Information used to develop an individualized aerobic exercise program
-peak HR during exercise
-BP responses to exercise
-VO2 max
-functional capacity in METS
What SpO2 value would indicate that you should terminate exercise
-less than or equal to 80%
