Lecture 4

Question 1

Benefits of improving cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 1

reduced risk of:
-developing dementia and alzheimer disease
-adverse health outcomes such as developing prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes
-developing cardiovascular disease
-developing types of cancer
-disability later in life

Question 2

What is Vo2 max

Answer 2

-measurement of the maximum rate of volume of oxygen your body can use during exercise

Question 3

What is an individuals Vo2 max determined by

Answer 3

-measuring gas exchange during intense physical exercise

Question 4

What does a VO2 max test involve

Answer 4

-incrementally increasing exercise intensity to ensure maximal aerobic energy transfer

Question 5

What are the 4 different ways of measuring CRF

Answer 5

-cardiopulmonary exercise tests
-maximal exercise test
-submaximal exercise test
-estimated CRF

Question 6

What does submaximal exercise testing do

Answer 6

-measures VO2 max indirectly through predictive equations based on the HR - workload relationship
-uses submaximal work rates
-limited diagnostic capabilities
-more accessible in the community or clinical setting

Question 7

Factors that can increase heart rate during submaximal exercise testing

Answer 7

-caffeine
-after eating a meal
-feeling anxious
-smoking
-humid weather/environment

Question 8

Caffeine

Answer 8

-drinking caffeine within 3 hours of completing your test can increase your heart rate at rest and during activity

Question 9

After eating a meal

Answer 9

-your heart needs to pump additional blood to the stomach to aid digestion
-after eating and digesting food, your heart rate should return to normal

Question 10

Feeling anxious

Answer 10

-any form of emotional stress can increase your heart rate

Question 11

Smoking

Answer 11

-smoking damages the cardiovascular system and can affect the heart by increasing blood pressure, narrowing the arteries, and increasing heart rate

Question 12

Humid weather/environment

Answer 12

-high temperatures and high humidity result in more blood flow to the skin as the body attempts to cool itself off
-this can cause the heart to beat faster while circulating twice as much blood per minute than on a normal day

Question 13

What are disadvantages to be aware of when using these tests

Answer 13

-for some people, this type of test could be a maximal test
-the individuals motivation and pacing strategy during the test can have a profound effect on the final outcome
-does not allow comprehensive monitoring of both HR and BP during the test
-relatively large standard error of the estimate

Question 14

Ceiling effect

Answer 14

-the test is too easy to produce sufficient CV response to get an accurate functional capacity

Question 15

Floor effect

Answer 15

-the test is too difficult so that the test is not limited by the cardiovascular system but by other barrier

Question 16

Aim of submaximal exercise testing

Answer 16

-to determine if the RH response to one or more submaximal work rates and use the results to predict VO2max

Question 17

Objective measures collected during submaximal exercise testing

Answer 17

-HR
-BP
-workload
-RPE
-SpO2
-symptoms

Question 18

What do we use our results for as an R kin

Answer 18

-exercise prescription

Question 19

Other purposes of exercise testing

Answer 19

-educating clients about their present fitness status relative to age and sex matched norms
-collecting baseline and follow-up data to evaluate progress
-motivating patients by establishing reasonable and attainable exercise goals
-providing information to inform return to work decisions
-disability/mobility assessment

Question 20

How do we obtain the most accurate estimate of VO2 max

Answer 20

-steady state HR is obtained for each exercise work rate
-linear relationship exists between HR and work rate
-difference between actual and predicted maximal HR is minimal
-mechanical efficiency is the same for everyone
-the client is not on any HR altering medications
-the client is not consuming high quantities of caffeine, is ill or in a high-temp environment

Question 21

Pretest procedure for submax tests

Answer 21

-review the clients medical history, exercise clearance, reasons for the chosen test, recent symptoms, and current medications
-explain test to the client
-inform the client to tell you about any symptoms

Question 22

What symptoms should client tell you about

Answer 22

-chest discomfort
-dyspnea
-claudication

Question 23

Safety with heart rate during sub max

Answer 23

-HR increases with progressive workloads at rate of 10 bpm per MET
-HR should decrease by at least 12 beats during first min of recovery
-HR should decrease by 22 beats by the end of the second minute of recovery

Question 24

Safety with blood pressure

Answer 24

-SBP increases with increasing workloads at a rate of 10 mm Hg per MET
-normally no change or slight change in DBP
-post exercise SBP returns to pre-exercise levels or lower by 6 min of recovery

Question 25

BP values that indicate that you should stop exercise

Answer 25

-hypertensive response
-hypotensive response
-DBP > 115 mm Hg

Question 26

BP hypertensive response

Answer 26

-SBP > 250 mm Hg

Question 27

BP hypotensive response

Answer 27

-decrease of SBP below pretest resting value or by >20 mm Hg after initial increase

Question 28

Symptoms that you should stop exercise test

Answer 28

-dyspnea
-wheezing
-leg cramps
-claudication
-signs of poor perfusion
-noticeable change in heart rhythm
-participant requests to stop
-physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue

Question 29

What is the standard error of the estimate for submaximal exercise tests

Answer 29

-10-15%

Question 30

Information used to develop an individualized aerobic exercise program

Answer 30

-peak HR during exercise
-BP responses to exercise
-VO2 max
-functional capacity in METS

Question 31

What SpO2 value would indicate that you should terminate exercise

Answer 31

-less than or equal to 80%