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Microbiology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

____ uses light energy

A

phototrophs

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2
Q

________ oxidize chemicals

A

chemotrophs

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3
Q

usually
autotrophs ____ and
heterotrophs _______

A

fix CO2
release CO2

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4
Q

Describe methanogenesis

A

only in archaeal methanogens
respiration by obligate anaerobes

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5
Q

____ is the prokaryotic use of CH4 as electron donor and sole source of carbon

A

Methanotrophy

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6
Q

What is acetogenesis?

A

the prokaryotic production of acetate

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7
Q

What are cyanobacteria and what do they do?

A

green bacterial photosynthesizers that fix nitrogen

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8
Q

Anaerobic electron acceptors

A

nitrate (NO3-)/nitrite(NO2-)
ferrous (Fe(II))/ ferric (Fe(III))
sulfate (SO4-2)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

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9
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

N2 => NH3

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10
Q

What is nitrification?

A

NH3 => NO2- => NO3-

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11
Q

What is dentrification?

A

NO3- => NO2- => N2

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12
Q

What is the most abundant redox-active metal?

A

Iron

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13
Q

Reduced and oxidized iron

A

Fe(II) reduced; Fe(III) oxidized

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14
Q

What is the triple sugar iron agar test used for?

A

dissimilatory sulfate reduction

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15
Q

What happens in commensalism?

A

One benefits, doesn’t affect the other

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16
Q

What happens in mutualism?

A

Both benefit

17
Q

What happens in parasitism?

A

One benefits, other suffers

18
Q

What happens in amensalism?

A

One suffers, other unaffected

19
Q

What happens in competition?

A

Both suffer

20
Q

DNA-based approaches

A

16S rRN, 18S, ITS gene sequencing

21
Q

RNA-based approaches

A

metatranscriptomics

22
Q

Protein-based approaches

A

Metaproteomics

23
Q

Metabolite-based approaches

A

Metabolomics

24
Q

What are helminths?

A

invertebrate worm-like parasites

25
Q

Types of helminths

A

nematodes, trematodes, cestodes

26
Q

Nematodes are _____

A

round worms

27
Q

Trematodes are ______

A

flat flukes

28
Q

Cestodes are _____

A

elongated tapeworms

29
Q

What are some traditional food preservation methods?

A

fermentation- anaerobic microbial carbohydrate oxidation
drying removes water
pickling lowers pH
salting raises solute concentration
heating kills and destroys macros
smoking heats, dries + adds chemicals

30
Q

What are some biochemical tests for sugar fermentation?

A

methyl red-Voges Proskauer test
oxidation-fermentation
triple sugar iron agar
mannitol salt agar
MacConkey
phenol red

31
Q

What can be used to check milk pateurization?

A

Beetroot extract

32
Q

Recreational drugs

A

alcohol
LSD
psilocybin

Microbiology (8 decks)

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