Lecture 2

Question 1

Features of prokaryotes

Answer 1

One circular chromosone
No histones
No membrane - bound organelles
Peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
Divides by binary fission

Question 2

Features of eukaryotes

Answer 2

Paired chromosones
Histones
Organelles
Polysaccharide cell walls, when present
Divides by mitosis

Question 3

What are the 3 basic bacterial shapes?

Answer 3

Bacillus (rod)
Coccus (sphere)
Spiral (vibrio, spirillum, spirochete)

Question 4

What are the arrangements of bacteria?

Answer 4

Pair (diplo)
Chain (strepto)
Fours (tetra)
Cubelike groups of 8 (sacrinae)
Clusters (staphy)

Question 5

What are the eukaryotic appendages?

Answer 5

Flagella and cillia

Question 6

Gram postivbe bacteria have a ____ pepidoglycan layer while gram negative has ____

Answer 6

Thick/thin

Question 7

What are the cell walls of fungi and archea?

Answer 7

Chitin and cellulose

Question 8

____ is a phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm

Answer 8

Plasma membrane

Question 9

What are some membrane protein functions?

Answer 9

Cell connections
Recognition
Signal tranduction
Enzymatic activity
Active and passive transport

Question 10

What feature of the plasma membrane allows for the passage of some molecules but not others?

Answer 10

Selective permeability

Question 11

What is osmosis?

Answer 11

The movement of water from a solution with high concentration of solutes to a low one

Question 12

Enzymes are ______

Answer 12

Biological catalysts

Question 13

How do enzymes work?

Answer 13

They act on a specific substrate and lower activation energy

Question 14

Examples of enzymes and their functions

Answer 14

Oxidoreductase - redox reactions
Dehydrogenase - Remove hydrogen
Protease - Digest protein
Ligase - Joins molecules

Question 15

What are some components of enzymes?

Answer 15

Apoenzyme, cofactor, coenzyme, holoenzyme

Question 16

What are some factors that affect enzyme activity?

Answer 16

Substrate concentration, Temp, pH and inhibitors