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Microbiology > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some general characteristics of viruses?

A

Has DNA OR RNA, protein coat, maybe membrane envelope and protein spikes, no ribosomes

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2
Q

What are enveloped virions susceptible to?

A

Acid, alcohol dryness, heat and UV

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3
Q

____ is a complete, fully developed viral patricle

A

Virion

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4
Q

A nucleic acid can be ____ or _____

A

DNA or RNA

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5
Q

A capsid is _____

A

a protein code made of capsomeres (subunits)

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6
Q

What is the enveloped coating on virus made of?

A

Lipid, proteins and carbohydrates

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7
Q

____ are projections from the outer surface

A

spikes

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8
Q

What are some virus morphologies?

A

Enveloped, polyhedral, helical and complex viruses

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9
Q

What are some things that can be done for viral identification?

A

Cytopathic effects, serological effects and western blotting

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10
Q

What are bacteriophages?

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

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11
Q

____ is the spectrum of host cells a virus can infect

A

Host range

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12
Q

What are oncogenic viruses?

A

Viruses that have become integrated into the host cell’s DNA and induce tumors

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13
Q

What are some viral families?

A

Adenoviridae
Poxiviridae
Papovaviridae
Papillomaviridae
Herpesviridae
Hepadnaviridae
Retroviridae

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14
Q

Viruses must be grown in ____ and bacteria are grown in _____-

A

Living cells
bacteria

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15
Q

What must happen for a bacteria to multiply?

A

It must invade a host cell
It must comandeer the host’s metabolic machinery

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16
Q

What are the steps of the bacteriophage lytic cycle?

A

Attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release

17
Q

What happens in attachment?

A

Phage attaches by the tail fibers to the host cell

18
Q

In ________, the phage lysozyme opens the cell wall; tail sheath contracts to force the tail core and the DNA into the cell wall

A

penetration

19
Q

What happens in biosynthesis?

A

Production of phage DNA and proteins

20
Q

____ is the assembly of phage particles

A

Maturation

21
Q

What happens in release?

A

Phage lysozyme breaks the cell wall

22
Q

What is generalized transduction?

A

When any bacterial genes are transferred

23
Q

What is specialized transduction?

A

When specific bacterial genes are transferred

24
Q

What is lysogenic conversion also called?

A

Phage conversion

25
Q

Where can animal viruses be grown?

A

In living animals, embyonated eggs and cell cultures

26
Q

What makes more mistakes and what tolerates these mistakes?

A

Viral polymerases makes more mistakes; non cellular genomes tolerate more mistakes

27
Q

For viral taxonomy, what do the order, family and genus names end with?

A

Order: -ales
Family: -viridae
Genus: -virus

28
Q

Family, genome and method of transmission for HEV

A

Family - hepeviridae
Genome - ssRNA (+)
Transmission - fecal-oral, parental

29
Q

What diseaeses do influenza viruses A and B cause?

A

Seasonal epidemics

30
Q

What diseaeses do influenza viruses C cause?

A

Mild ilnesses

31
Q

What diseaeses do influenza viruses D cause?

A

Diseases affecting cattle

32
Q

What are prions ans examples of diseases that they cause?

A

Prions are proteinaceous infectious patricles, some examples of diseases are Mad cow disaese, fatal familial insomnia, spongiform encephalopathy

33
Q

Features of viroids

A

RNA, no protein coat, only infects plants, replicates in nucleus or chloroplast

34
Q

________ are eukaryotic organisms that are not animal, fungus or plants and are usually unicellular

A

Protists

35
Q

Animal-like protists are ____, plant-like protists are ____ fungus-like protists are ________

A

Motile heterotrophs
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Spore-forming heterotrophs

36
Q

What are some modes of reproduction in protists?

A

Binary and multiple fission
Plasmotomy
Budding
Syngamy
Conjugation

37
Q
A

Microbiology (8 decks)

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