Lecture 4

Question 1

What are some ways bacteria spreads antibiotic resstance genes?

Answer 1

Conjugation, transformation, transduction, horizontal gene transfer, mutataion

Question 2

What is conjugation

Answer 2

Plasmids transferred from one bacterium to another, requires cell-to-cell contact with sex pili

Question 3

What is transformation?

Answer 3

Genes transferred from one bacterium to another as naked DNA

Question 4

What is transduction?

Answer 4

DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient via a bacteriophage

Question 5

What are some antibiotic mechanisms?

Answer 5

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, metabolic pathways, nucleic acid synthesis
Distruption of cell wall membrane

Question 6

What are some causes of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 6

Over-perscribing of antibiotics
Patients not finishing their treatments
Lack of new antibiotics being developed

Question 7

What are some antibiotic resistance mechanisms?

Answer 7

Efflux pumps
Target site alteration
Antibiotic inactivation
Decreased influx
Target amplification