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BICD 140-Immunology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a single clone of a B cell recognize?

A

1 antigen

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2
Q

What does a population of B cells recognize?

A

Unlimited antigens

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3
Q

What is the main requirement for a B cell clone?

A

It should not recognize self antigens

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4
Q

What is Ig(alpha) and Ig(beta)?

A

Polypeptide that allows for signaling

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5
Q

What is phase 1 of B cell development?

A

Generation of B cell in the bone marrow
-creates BCR

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6
Q

What is phase 2 of B cell development?

A

Elimination of self reactive B cells in bone barrow
-Gets rid of BCR that recognizes self antigen

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7
Q

In phase 1 what type of cells provide important signals/growth factors which promote B cell development?

A

Stromal B cells in bone marrow signal for B cell development

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8
Q

What are the stages of B cell development?

A
  1. Early pro-B cell–>D-J rearrangement in heavy chain
  2. Late pro-B cell–>V–DJ rearrangement in heavy chain
    3.Large pre-B cell–>1st check point–>VDJ rearranged in heavy chain, u heavy chain, surrogate light chain, pre b cell receptor on surface, checks for functional heavy chain
  3. Small pre B cell–>V-J rearranges in light chain, u chain in ER
    2nd check point
  4. Immature B cell–>VJ in light chain is rearranged, u heavy chain, lambda or kappa light chain, IgM
  5. Mature B cell–>VDJ in heavy reaaranged VJ in light chain rearranged, IgD and IgM on surface
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9
Q

What is Interleukin 7 and what stage of B cell development is it found in?

A

Interleukin 7 is made from bone marrow stromal cell that allows for survival of cell through IL-7 receptor
-Found in Late pro-B cell stage

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10
Q

What isotype is found in the Immature B cell stage?

A

IgM

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11
Q

What isotype is found in the mature B cell?

A

IgD and IgM

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12
Q

What is and where is the first checkpoint in phase 1 of B cell development?

A

Checks for functional Pre-BCR (Pre-B cells)
-checks for functional heavy chain through surrogate light chain
-Large Pre B cell stage

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13
Q

What is and where is the second checkpoint in phase 1 of B cell development?

A

Checks for functional BCR (Immature B cells)
-transition between small pre-B cell and immature B cell

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14
Q

What is the surrogate light chain?

A

Allows for heavy chain to be expressed as part of the pre-BCR
-tests if heavy chain was successfully rearranged–>checks for functionality
-Made of VpreB(mimics variable light chain) and lambda5(mimics variable heavy chain)

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15
Q

What is VpreB?

A

Polypeptide that mimics variable region of light chain of true BCR
-germline–>NOT REARRANGED

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16
Q

What is lambda5?

A

Mimics the constant region of the light chain of true BCR
-germline NOT REARRANGED

17
Q

How is only 1 specificity made per B cell?

A
  1. Pre-BCR–If rearrangement if heavy chain was successful–>the presence of pre BCR sends a signal that tells stop to rearrangement of another Ig Heavy gene
  2. BCR–>sends a signal to pre-B cells to stop rearrangement of another light gene
18
Q

What is allelic exclusion?

A

Allows for single specificity per B cell
-Stops rearrangement of new heavy and light genes

19
Q

What do new receptors (Pre BCR and Functional BCR) send signals for?

A
  1. Stopping Ig rearrangement (Allelic exclusion)–>NO MORE RAG PROTEINS
  2. Proliferation (make copies of functional pre BCR and BCR)–>passed 1st & 2nd check point
  3. Differentiation into next stage of development–>small pre BCR or Immature B cell
20
Q

In phase 2 what is negative selection and where does elimination of self-reactive B cells occur?

A

-Kills b cells that bind to self antigens
-In immature B cells stage

21
Q

What is receptor editing?

A

Gives a self antigen receptor multiple chances to be fixed
-continues light chain rearrangement until correct–>becomes mature
-if not fixed then it is eliminated

22
Q

What is the difference between Negative selection and receptor editing?

A

-Negative selection–>eliminates self antigen
-Receptor editing–>allows for new specificity for self antigen

23
Q

What is X-linked Agammaglobulinemia?

A

Immunodeficiency that makes recipient lack B cells & immunoglobulins
-Do not have BFK–>lacks BCR signaling–>no B cells

24
Q

Why are patients with XLA more susceptible to encapsulated bacteria?

A

-No functional B cells so cannot produce antibodies(IgG) to eliminate bacteria

25
Q

How many chances does an Early pro B cell have to rearrange a useful BCR?

A

1

26
Q

How many chances does an Late pro B cell have to rearrange a useful BCR?

A

2

27
Q

How many chances does a Pre B cell have to rearrange a useful BCR?

A

4
-kappa chain is chosen over lambda chain

28
Q

What does a strong signal in immature cells lead to

A

cell death

29
Q

What does a strong signal in mature cells lead to

A

activation

BICD 140-Immunology (15 decks)

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