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BICD 140-Immunology > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Continuously circle through secondary lymphoid organs until selected by antigen when there is an infection

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2
Q

Lymph

A

Plasma leaked from blood into tissues

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3
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Contains & circulates lymphocytes

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4
Q

What do secondary lymphoid organs do ?

A

Provide a meeting place for cells of the adaptive immune response
-Increases chances for lymphocytes to interact w/ correct antigen

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5
Q

What and how links innate and adaptive immunity

A

Dendritic cells
-makes cytokines (innate)
-uptakes antigen (secondary)

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6
Q

Which secondary lymphoid tissue deals with pathogens that make it to the blood?

A

Spleen

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7
Q

What is the difference between how pathogens and lymphocytes enter lymph nodes and spleen

A

-Lymph nodes enter through the lymphatic system
-enter through blood

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8
Q

What is the secondary lymphoid tissue is a specialized immune system in our digestive tract

A

GALT

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9
Q

How does the GALT differ from the spleen and lymph nodes?

A
  1. Can directly deliver across mucosa
  2. Lymphocytes stay within mucosal system
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10
Q

How do we produce an infinite variety of antibodies?

A

B cells have unique antibody receptor
-clonal selected–>proliferated & differentiated

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11
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

Effector B cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies

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12
Q

How many antigen binding sites do B cell receptors have?

A

2

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13
Q

How many heavy chains and constant regions are in BCRs

A

-2 heavy chains
-5 regions

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14
Q

How many light chains

A

-2 light chains

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15
Q

What happens in the variable region?

A

-Recognizes antigen/binding
-specificity

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16
Q

What happens in the constant region?

A

-Biological activity
-change in isotype

17
Q

What is the Fab region?

A

Part of antibody that contains antigen binding site
(upper)

18
Q

What is the Fc region?

A

Part of antibody that has biological activity
-binding to specific Fc receptors and complement proteins

19
Q

What does the Fc and Fc receptor facilitate?

A

Antibody mediated opsonization
-neutralization
-opsonization
-complement deposition

20
Q

What are hypervariable loops (CDRs)

A

Regions of the antibody that come into contact with the antigen
-forms binding pocket for antigen–>hypervariable region

21
Q

Which CDR has the highest variability? CDR1 CDR2 or CDR3

A

CDR3 b/c it has 2 imprecise junctions

22
Q

What is an epitope

A

Part of antigen that is recognized by an antibody that is accessible

23
Q

What is a difference between what BCR and TCR can recognize?

A

-BCR can recognize all types of chemical structures (proteins, carbohydrates etc)
-TCR can only recognize peptides made from proteins

24
Q

What are the 5 isotypes of antibodies?

A
  1. IgG
  2. IgM
  3. IgD
  4. IgA
  5. IgE
25
Q

What are Ig isotypes?

A

Genetic variations/differences in the heavy chain constant region

26
Q

What is isotype switching and what does it require?

A

Changes B cell production of antibody from one isotype to another
(switches isotype)
-requires help from T cell (Tfh)

27
Q

True or false: Isotype switching can change the isotype of both heavy chain and light chain

A

False
-Isotype switching changes the isotype of the heavy chain but not light chain
-Heavy chain changes biological activity

28
Q

IgM

A

First one to be made in immune response
-does not need T cell help (no isotype switching needed)
-Low binding affinity
-needs multiple binding sites due to low binding affinity–>becomes Pentameric (adds more binding sites)
-Ideal for complement activation b/c pentameric

29
Q

What is affinity?

A

strength of 1 antibody binding site

30
Q

What is avidity?

A

combined strength of multiple antibody binding sites

31
Q

What antibody isotypes are used in primary response?

A

IgM–>early, low affinity
IgG–>late, high affinity

32
Q

Which antibody isotype is ideal for complement activation

A

IgM due to its pentameric shape

33
Q

Which antibody isotype is key for vaccinations to work and how?

A

-IgG
-produces neutralizing antibodies

34
Q

IgA

A

-monomeric in serum–>good for extravasation
-can cross epithelial mucosal surfaces (dimeric)
-high in breast milk
-neutralizing antibody

35
Q

IgE

A

-less concentrated
-shortest half life when soluble -Long life when bound to Fc receptor
-can bind to Fc receptor w/out antigen
-makes histamines/causes allergies
-fights parasite infections

36
Q

What is IgE important for?

A

Control of parasites

37
Q

Which isotype antibody causes allergies?

A

IgE

38
Q

IgD

A

-expressed on surface of naive MATURE B cells
-Membrane bound not secreted as antibody

39
Q

IgG

A

-most abundant isotype in circulation
-Monomeric
-useful for vaccines
-can be transported across placenta

BICD 140-Immunology (15 decks)

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