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BICD 140-Immunology > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the adaptive immune response based on?

A

Clonal selection

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2
Q

Explain clonal selection

A

We are born with a large number of naiive lymphocyte receptors that each have a different specificity for a pathogen
-Once a pathogen comes into contact with the correct receptor it will proliferate and differentiate into effector cells which are then cloned

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3
Q

Explain the difference between effector and naive cells

A

-Naive cells are cells who have never seen pathogen
-Effector cells are cells that are proliferated and differentiated, have an acquired function

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4
Q

What are the 2 effectors of Adaptive Immunity

A
  1. B cells (HUMORAL IMMUNITY)
  2. T cells (CELLULAR IMMUNITY)–> helpers CD4 or killers CD8
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5
Q

B cell function

A

Secrete their antigen receptor

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6
Q

T cell function

A

1.Kill infected cells directly
2. Activate other cells

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7
Q

True or false: T cells secrete their antigen receptor

A

False
T cells NEVER secrete their antigen receptor

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8
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

Substances found in the humours (body fluids)
-B cells secrete their antibodies

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9
Q

Explain humoral mediated immunity

A

B cells
-Extracellular bacteria is targeted by secreted antibody binds to bacteria which leads to elimination of bacteria

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10
Q

Explain Cell-mediated immunity of Helper CD4 T cells

A

-Microbes in macrophage are targeted by T lymphocyte which leads to ACTIVATION OF MACROPHAGE LEADING TO MICROBIAL KILLING

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11
Q

Explain Cell-mediated immunity of Cytotoxic CD8 T cells

A

-Virus infected cell is target by T lymphocyte which leads to LYSIS OF INFECTED CELL

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12
Q

How do B and T cells recognize pathogens

A

-Through B cell receptor or T cell receptor

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13
Q

Explain the parts of a B cell antigen receptor

A

-2 light chains and 2 heavy chains
-Antigen binding site in variable region (upper part): determines specificity of receptor
-Constant region (lower part)
-Transmembrane region

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14
Q

Explain the parts of a B cell antibody

A

-2 light chains and 2 heavy chains
-variable region (upper part):
-Constant region (lower part)
-NO Transmembrane region–> so it can be secreted since antibodies are soluble

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15
Q

Explain parts of T cell receptor

A

-2 light chains
-antigen binding site in variable region
-constant region
-Transmembrane region–>(1 alpha chain, 1 beta chain)

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16
Q

True or false: T cell receptor do not require a transmembrane region

A

FALSE
-T cell receptors ALWAYS have a transmembrane region since they are NEVER secreted

17
Q

What kind of cells form can B cells and T cells recognize

A

-B cells can recognize p[athogens in their native form
-T cells can recognize pathogens that have been process by Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

18
Q

MHC Class I is recognized by?

A

CD8 T cells

19
Q

MHC class II is recognized by?

A

CD4 T cells

20
Q

True or false MHC I and MHC II is present in every cell of body

A

False
-Only antigen presenting cells (APCs) have both MHC I AND MHC II

21
Q

True or false: MHC I is present in every cell of the body

A

True

22
Q

Which frontline defenders have both MHC I and MHC II?

A

Macrophages and Dendritic cells b/c they are antigen presenting cells

23
Q

Name the 4 Antigen Presenting Cells

A
  1. Dendritic
  2. Macrophages
  3. Circulating mononuclear cells (monocytes)
  4. B cells
24
Q

What links innate and adaptive immunity?

A

Dendritic cells

25
Q

What is the functional outcome of B cell activation?

A

Antibody production

26
Q

Antibodies bind directly to pathogen/toxin leading to

A

-neutralization
-opsonization
-complement deposition

27
Q

What is the functional outcome of T Helper (CD4) cell activation?

A

Activation of other cell types

28
Q

What is the functional outcome of Cytotoxic (CD8) T cell activation?

A

The lysis of infected cells

29
Q

Where is the innate immune system?

A

-Tissue
-lymphoid organs
-blood

30
Q

Where is the adaptive immune system?

A

-Lymphoid
-Organs
-Blood
-Tissue

31
Q

Where is the primary (central) immune system

A

-Thymus and bone marrow
-Where lymphocytes are generated

32
Q

Where is the secondary (peripheral) immune system?

A

-Spleen
-Peyers patch–>small intestine
-Large intestine
GALT
-tonsils
-lymph node
-Where mature naive lymphocytes reside and an adaptive immune response can be initiated

BICD 140-Immunology (15 decks)

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