Lecture 7

Question 1

Glycocalyx

Answer 1

Extracellular polymeric material produced by some bacteria. Its a slime layer

Question 2

Capsule

Answer 2

Well-organized and closely associated with the cell. Glycocalyces. Only if sucrose is present

Question 3

Slime Layer

Answer 3

Much less organized then capsules and are not closely attached to the cell. They are stringy. Only if sucrose is present

Question 4

Biofouling

Answer 4

The accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on wet surfaces

Question 5

Flagellum

Answer 5

Protrudes from the cell body of some organisms. In Latin flagellum means whip. It is made of flagellin and many other structural proteins. It is like a motor and it moves the cell

Question 6

Filament

Answer 6

This is like the propeller. There is a hook on the end and it produces tork

Question 7

Hook

Answer 7

It is on the end of the filament and it produces tork which moves the cell

Question 8

Stator

Answer 8

The stationary part of the rotary system. Contains the studs and C ring. Inside the membrane

Question 9

Rotor

Answer 9

This turns. It contains the S ring and the M ring. Inside the membrane

Question 10

Membrane bushings

Answer 10

One on the inside and one on the outside of the membrane. It prevents it from being pulled out of the membrane.

Question 11

C-ring

Answer 11

It is involved in the switching of rotation.

Question 12

Chemotaxis

Answer 12

Based on the direction of flagellar rotation

Question 13

Run, Tumble

Answer 13

In a bundle=run, Spinning in opposite directions are disarrayed=tumble

Question 14

Chemoreceptor

Answer 14

Detects certain chemical stimuli in the environment

Question 15

Adaptation

Answer 15

A change in direction because it is too close to the where it is going or too far away

Question 16

Pilus

Answer 16

Made of the protein pilin. It attaches to surfaces.

Question 17

F-pilus

Answer 17

Attaches to other bacteria. It is the bigger and thicker line

Question 18

Horizontal gene trannsfer (HGT)

Answer 18

Attaches to other bacteria- f-pilus

Question 19

Twitching Motility

Answer 19

It pulls itself back and forth in a twitching motion with its small fimbriaes

Question 20

Nanowire

Answer 20

Electron transfer between cells. Very thin pili

Question 21

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Granules

Answer 21

Stores carbon

Question 22

Polyphosphate (volutin) Granules

Answer 22

Stores Phosphate

Question 23

Sulfur Granules

Answer 23

Sulfur can both be reduced and oxidized

Question 24

Bacterial Microcompartments

Answer 24

Protein shell that encloses various enzymes. MCPs or BMC

Question 25

Carboxysomes

Answer 25

Type of bacterial microcompartment. They are hexagon and they open and close to let things in.

Question 26

Phycobilisomes

Answer 26

Light harvesting antennae of photosystem II

Question 27

Chlorosomes

Answer 27

Concentrated chlorophyll

Question 28

Gas Vesicles

Answer 28

Gas for buoyancy

Question 29

Magnetosomes

Answer 29

Internal, membrane bound. Move towards the North pole which means they are moving into the ground

Question 30

Endospore

Answer 30

Highly resistant to damage, formed during nutrient starvation, being to grow when nutrient becomes available. Formation is a 7 stage process. DNA divides, cell separates assymetrically, endocytosis like process engulfs the forespore(smaller section), then the cortex forms, then the coat forms, mother cells lysis, the new cell is free

Question 31

Asymmetric Septation

Answer 31

Its an off center separation. The big part is the mother cell and the small part is the forespore.

Question 32

Engulfment

Answer 32

It is an endocytosis like process. The forespore is engulfed by the mother cell

Question 33

Cortex

Answer 33

The forspore and mother cell have a space between them and then are both adding substance to that middle layer which creates the cortex. Spongy. Double layer. Soaks up the H2O and dries up the core

Question 34

Coat

Answer 34

Protects the core of the endospore against dehydration and UV and chemical damage. IT is very dense

Question 35

Dipicolinic Acid

Answer 35

May be responsible for the heat resistance of the endospore