Lecture 3

Question 1

Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)

Answer 1

Removal of water molecules. Its an anabolic reaction.

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

Breaking down by adding water. The H+ must be added to an electronegative atom

Question 3

Amino Acid Side Chain (R-group)

Answer 3

Carboxyl group and an amine group and a R group

Question 4

Chiral Carbon

Answer 4

Nonsuperimposible mirror image. 4 different groups on the Carbon

Question 5

Stereoisomer

Answer 5

Have the same molecules, same connectivity, but have a different orientation in space

Question 6

Peptide Bond

Answer 6

Bond formed between a carboxyl group and a amino group and water is released. C-N

Question 7

Beta (pleated) sheet

Answer 7

Secondary structure of proteins. Beta strands connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Alpha Helix

Answer 8

Secondary structure of proteins. N-H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid

Question 9

Protein Structure

Answer 9

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary forms

Question 10

Primary Protein Structure

Answer 10

Amino Acids

Question 11

Secondary Protein Structure

Answer 11

B-sheets and a-helix

Question 12

Tertiary Protein Structure

Answer 12

Interaction between the R groups

Question 13

Alpha Glycosidic Bond

Answer 13

Joins a carbohydrate. These are easy to break. They point down at the bottom of the structure which makes it have plenty of interaction.

Question 14

Beta Glycosidic Bond

Answer 14

Joins a carbohydrate. These bonds are hard to break. They are in the middle of the structure and blocked so it doesn’t have very well interaction with other elements.

Question 15

Nucleotide

Answer 15

Phosphate group, sugar, & nitrogenous base

Question 16

Purine

Answer 16

Heterocyclic aromatic compound. It consists of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Big in comparison

Question 17

Pyrimidine

Answer 17

Aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. Nitrogen in the 1 and 3 positions in the ring. Smaller.

Question 18

5’ phosphate

Answer 18

Starts with a phosphate attached to the number carbon of the sugar

Question 19

3’ hydroxyl

Answer 19

Has -OH attached to the number 3 carbon of the sugar

Question 20

Antiparallel double helix

Answer 20

One side starts at the 5’ end and the adjacent side is the 3’ end

Question 21

Triglyceride

Answer 21

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids - 3H2O =

Blood lipid

Question 22

Saturated Fatty Acid

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonds. Solid. straight. no double bond. packs tightly

Question 23

Cis-unsaturated

Answer 23

Double bond in the cis position(same side). very bent, packs loosely, liquid

Question 24

Trans-unsaturated

Answer 24

Double bond in the trans position, slightly bent, packs tightly, solid, synthetic, very bad for you

Question 25

Phospholipid

Answer 25

Class of lipids and form lipid bilayers

Question 26

Lipid Raft

Answer 26

The plasma membrane of cells is made of a combination of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains

Question 27

Biological Membrane

Answer 27

Acts as a selective barrier within or around a cell. It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins