Lecture 5

Question 1

Semipermeable Membrane

Answer 1

Some things pass thought and some don’t. Water passes though. Anything polar does not pass through and large items can’t either. If they are over 600daltons in molecular weight

Question 2

Aquaporin

Answer 2

Open channels for water

Question 3

Gated Channel

Answer 3

A channel in the membrane that can be opened or closed

Question 4

Transporter

Answer 4

A membrane protein that binds a solute and undergoes a conformational change to allow the movement of the solute across a membrane.

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Water flow across the membrane

Question 6

Hyperotonic

Answer 6

Turgor Pressure. Cell bursts

Question 7

Hypotonic

Answer 7

Plasmolysis. Cell shrivels up

Question 8

Isotonic

Answer 8

An even amount of flow going in and out of the cell

Question 9

Lysis

Answer 9

Cell bursts

Question 10

Turgor Pressure

Answer 10

Causes pressure against the cell wall and causes the cell to burst

Question 11

Plasmolysis

Answer 11

Cell shrivels up

Question 12

Osmoprotection

Answer 12

The cell synthesis it to keep it from going through plasmolysis

Question 13

Proton Motive Force (PMF)

Answer 13

Ion separation results in motive gradients. Both change and a concentration difference. Delta p=Delta psi + delta pH

Question 14

Membrane Potential

Answer 14

Delta Psi- Charge

Question 15

Proton Gradient

Answer 15

Delta pH. [H]

Question 16

Proton Pump

Answer 16

PMF is created by proton pumps. Respiratory chain & bacteriohodopsin

Question 17

Respiratory chain

Answer 17

Transfer of e- from e- doner to a teminal e- acceptor. Protein pump

Question 18

Bacteriorhodopsin

Answer 18

Uses light energy to move proteins across the cell membrane. Protein pump

Question 19

Peptidoglycan

Answer 19

a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria, forming the cell wall

Question 20

N-acetyl glucosamine

Answer 20

A monosaccharide derivative of glucose. It is an amide between glucosamine and acetic acid.

Question 21

N-acetyl muramic acid

Answer 21

The ether of lactic acid

Question 22

Peptide side chain

Answer 22

Amino acids that combine to form chains

Question 23

Peptide crosslinking

Answer 23

There is a crosslink between the bonds that makes it strong

Question 24

Transpeptidation

Answer 24

Making a peptide bond

Question 25

Transglycosylation

Answer 25

Making a glycogen bond

Question 26

Pentapeptide Cross Bridge

Answer 26

In Gram positive the peptidoglycan molecules are cross linked

Question 27

Teichoic Acid

Answer 27

Bacterial polysaccharides of glycerol phosphate

Question 28

Lipoteichoic Acid

Answer 28

A major constituent of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and they have a thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 29

Lipoprotein

Answer 29

A biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids, bound to the proteins, which allow fats to move through the water inside and outside cells

Question 30

Porin

Answer 30

Beta barrel proteins that cross a cellular membrane and act as a pore through which molecules can diffuse. They are large enough to allow passive diffusion, i.e., they act as channels that are specific to different types of molecules

Question 31

Outer Membrane

Answer 31

Found in Gram-negative bacteria. Porins are found here

Question 32

Lipopolysaccharide

Answer 32

Large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Question 33

Lipid A

Answer 33

Its a component of an endotoxin responsible for the toxicity of gram negative

Question 34

Core polysaccharide

Answer 34

Any of a group of polysaccharides in which a lipid constitutes a portion of the molecule

Question 35

O-antigen

Answer 35

O is for outer. It is a target for antibodies

Question 36

Mycolic Acid

Answer 36

Long fatty acids found in the cell walls of the mycolata taxon.

Question 37

Mycoplasma

Answer 37

Doesn’t have a cell wall. It is easy to lyse.