Lecture 10

Question 1

Sterilize

Answer 1

All microorganisms, including spores are dead

Question 2

Pasteurize

Answer 2

Reduce the number of microbes. 5log. 10^5

Question 3

Disinfectant

Answer 3

Used on inanimate surfaces. Most pathogens are dead

Question 4

Antiseptic

Answer 4

Used on living tissue. Most pathogens are dead

Question 5

Decontaminate

Answer 5

Reduce pathogens to a “safe” level

Question 6

Sanitize

Answer 6

Reduce all organisms to a “safe” level

Question 7

Cyst

Answer 7

a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared to the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material.

Question 8

Naked Virus

Answer 8

No lipid envelope around it. That makes it harder to kill. Resistant to drying and disinfectants

Question 9

Enveloped VIrus

Answer 9

Have a lipid envelope around it. They are easier to kill. Matrix proteins are in the envelope

Question 10

Decimal Reduction Time

Answer 10

Time it takes to kill 90% of the organism. Negative slope line. 1st 90% killed, then 99% killed, then 99.9% killed

Question 11

Critical Instrument

Answer 11

Direct contact with body tissue. Must be sterile

Question 12

Semicritical Instrument

Answer 12

Contact with mucous membrane. Has to be highly decontaminated

Question 13

Non-critical Instrument

Answer 13

External contact only. Needs to be cleaned

Question 14

Autoclave

Answer 14

A way to sterilize using moist heat. You heat it to 121C for 15-45mins

Question 15

HTST Pasteurization

Answer 15

It is a way of pasteurization. You heat it for 15secs at 72C. But heating over 65C changes the flavor

Question 16

UHT Pasteurization

Answer 16

A way to pasteurize. Heat for 1sec at 150C. It is sterile, not just pasteurized. You don’t have to refrigerate this either.

Question 17

Membrane Filter

Answer 17

It is a pore filter. The pores are .2 micrometers. Bacteria can’t pass through, but viruses can

Question 18

Depth (HEPA) filter

Answer 18

It is a filter for gases. It does not have any pores in it. Organisms get caught in the filter matrix. The filter is very thick.

Question 19

Ionization radiation

Answer 19

Has a shelf life of 6 months. There is DNA damage. It alters the bases and breaks phospodiester bonds. It has excellent penetration. It is used for foods and heat-sensitive surgical materials

Question 20

Sterilant

Answer 20

Everything is dead, even spores with long enough exposure.

Question 21

High Level Disinfectant

Answer 21

Kills all but spores. Okay for semi critical instruments

Question 22

Intermediate Level Disinfectant

Answer 22

Kills all but spores and a few naked viruses. Okay for non critical instruments

Question 23

Low Level Disinfecant

Answer 23

Kills all but mycobacteria, naked viruses and spores. This is what you use on counter tops at home

Question 24

Aldehyde

Answer 24

Cross-link and rigidify proteins. High-level or sterilants. Formalin-killed cells in vaccine production

Question 25

Chlorhexidine

Answer 25

Makes membranes leaky. Used in mouthwash and skincare products

Question 26

Ethylene Oxide

Answer 26

Gaseous sterilant. Oxidizes DNA. Widely used in hospitals, labware industry. Leaves toxic residue that must evaporate.

Question 27

Halogen

Answer 27

Oxidizes proteins. Chlorine-sterilant. Iodine-intermediate-level disinfectant

Question 28

Derivatize

Answer 28

To alter the chemical composition of compound

Question 29

Phenolic

Answer 29

Dissolve lipid membranes. Low to intermediate level.

Question 30

Triclosan

Answer 30

an antibacterial and antifungal agent. It is a polychloro phenoxy phenol. Many consumer products contain triclosan

Question 31

Quaternary Amine

Answer 31

Dissolve membranes

Question 32

Terminal Cleansing

Answer 32

A cleaning method used to control the spread of infections.