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PMP 101- Health, Disease and Patient > Lecture 6 - Cellular Energetics > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Cellular Energetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is catabolism

A

The breakdown of large food molecules (polymers) into smaller molecules (monomers)

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2
Q

What are proteins broken down into

A

Amino Acids

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3
Q

What are polysaccharides broken down into

A

simple sugars –> glucose

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4
Q

What is the formula for converting ADP back into ATP

A

ADP + Phosphate + Energy —> ATP

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5
Q

What is oxidation in terms of electrons?

A

Loses Electons

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6
Q

What is reduction in terms of electrons?

A

Gains Electrons

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7
Q

What is NAD+

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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8
Q

What is FAD

A

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

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9
Q

What are the 4 stages of cellular respiration?

A
  • glycolysis
  • Pyruvate oxidation to form Acetyl-CoA
  • Citric acid cycle/Krebs cycle
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
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10
Q

What does 1 molecule of glucose produce

A

2 Pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

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11
Q

What happens to pyruvate when it lacks oxygen

A

Remains in the Cytosol

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12
Q

What happens to pyruvate when it has oxygen

A

Transported to the Mitochondria

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13
Q

What happens to pyruvate when it has oxygen

A

Transported to the Mitochondria

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14
Q

What is Gluconeogenesis

A

an anabolic pathway to synthesise glucose

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15
Q

Where does fermentation take place?

A

in the cytoplasm to break down pyruvate. This is due to the absence of oxygen

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16
Q

What happens to pyruvate in lactic fermentation

A

Reduces into Lactic Acid

17
Q

What happens to pyruvate in ethanol fermentation

A

Reduces to ethanol + CO2

18
Q

Where does lactic fermentation occur

A

in the muscles when it lacks oxygen

19
Q

Where does ethanol fermentation occur

A

in bacteria and yeast cells

20
Q

What causes cramps

A

A build-up in lactic acid

21
Q

What is the formula for Lactic Fermentation?

A

Glucose + 2ADP -2Pi → 2 Lactate +2ATP + 2 H20

22
Q

What is the formula for Ethanol Fermentation?

A

Glucose + 2ADP -2Pi → 2 Ethanol + 2CO2 + 2ATP + 2H2O

23
Q

What breaks down stored fats

A

Lipase hydrolyses ester bonds to release fatty acids

24
Q

How many protein complexes are in the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

4

25
Q

What is the role of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

They act as electron carriers

PMP 101- Health, Disease and Patient (14 decks)

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