Lecture 1 - Introduction To Cells Flashcards
List 4 examples of Unicellular Organisms
- All bacteria
- Protozoa
- Unicellular Algae
- Unicellular Fungi (yeast)
List 4 Examples of Multicellular Organisms
- Parasites
- Plants
- Animals
- Multicellular Fungi (mold)
How do Cells vary
- Size
- Shape
- Functions
What are the 4 Characteristics making Red Blood Cells (RBC) Unique
- Biconcave shape
- No Nucleus
- Contain Haemoglobin
- Small and Flexible
What is the main function of Nerve cells (neurons)
To transport electrical impulses to other nerve cells.
What 4 Characteristics make Nerve cells unique
- Thin and long cells
- Branched at their ends
- Different sub-cellular parts
- Release Neurotransmitter signals
What 5 Characteristics make Spermatozoa unique
- Flagellum (tail) - helps with motility
- Power provided by several mitochondria
- Small and thin aiding their movement
- Lack organelles
- release enzyme from their head (Acrosome)
What 4 Structures are common with all types of cells
- plasma membrane
- Cytosol
- ribosomes
- DNA Molecules
What are the 4 Major Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
What are Macromolecules
Polymers made by specific repeating molecular units (monomers)
What is Anabolism
When Cells link monomers together to form a polymer through polymerisation
What is Catabolism
The breakdown of polymers into smaller molecules by hydrolysis
What is Catabolism
The breakdown of polymers into smaller molecules by hydrolysis
What makes a Cell Prokaryotic
- no nucleus
- no organelles
- simple internal organisation
What makes a cell Eukaryotic
- Has a nucleus
- Has organelles
- complex organisation
What 2 domains do prokaryotes divide into
Bacteria / Eubacteria
Archaea
What makes Archaea unique
grows at extreme environmental conditions (pH, Temp, Salt concentrations)
What are the functions of the Plasma Membrane?
controls the movement of molecules across the cells
protects the internal composition
What are Fimbriae
- Short hairlike appendages that aid the cell to stick to a surface
- control twitching motility
What are Flagellum
Whip-like structures that control locomotion and act as a sensory structure
