lecture 6 Flashcards
The Telencephalon: forms the cerebral hemispheres in adults and it contain
The cortex
The white matter
The basal nuclei
The lateral ventricles
is a deep sulcus, located in the midline and separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure
in the depths of the fissure is the _______ that connects the hemispheres across the midline.
Corpus Callosum
is the sulcus that separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum inferior, it contains the Tentorium Cerebelli
The Transverse Cerebral Fissure
is convex and is boundary superiorly by the superior border and inferiorly by the inferolateral border
The superolateral surface
is flat and vertical and is separated from the superolateral surface by the superior border, inferiorly it continues with the basal or inferior surface.
The Medial surface
is separated from the superolateral surface by the inferior border
The basal surface
is a sharp border situated near de midline that separates the superolateral surface from the medial surface
The superior or superomedial border
is a round border that separated the superolateral surface from the basal surface.
inferior or inferolateral border
it runs downward and forward across the superolateral surface.
Central Sulcus
is a deep cleft situated on the inferior and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres. It separates the frontal and parietal lobes above from the temporal lobe below.
Lateral Sulcus (Sylvius)
occupies the area anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus.
Frontal Lobe
The inferior frontal gyrus is composed of three parts:
the pars orbitalis (anteriorly),
the pars triangularis (middle) and the
pars opercularis (posteriorly)
The pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere often includes the motor speech area commonly known as
Broca’s area
which is the largest commissure of the brain, forms a striking feature on this surface
The corpus callosum
begins beneath the anterior end of the corpus callosum and continues above the corpus callosum until it reaches its posterior end
The Cingulate gyrus
The large area lateral to the olfactory sulcus is called
orbital gyri
The inferior surface of the frontal lobe possesses the
olfactory sulcus
The area between the olfactory sulcus and the cerebral longitudinal fissure is known as the
straight gyrus or gyrus rectus.
is the area that surrounds the indentation of the central sulcus on the superior border. It is bounded anteriorly by the paracentral ramus and posteriorly by the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus
Paracentral lobule
is an area bound anteriorly by the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus and posteriorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus.
Precuneus
is situated on the inferior surface of the hemispheres. it runs from posterior to anterior parallel to the calcarine sulcus.
The Collateral sulcus:
is a triangular area bounded above by the parieto-occipital sulcus, inferiorly by the calcarine sulcus and posteriorly by the superior medial margin or border.
Cuneus
lies between the collateral and calcarine sulci, anteriorly it continuous with the Parahippocampal gyrus that ends as the uncus.
Lingual gyrus
The inferior parietal lobe: lies inferior to the intraparietal sulcus. The inferior parietal lobe is comprised of two gyri
supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus
runs parallel to the collateral sulcus.
occipitotemporal sulcus
extends from the occipital pole to the temporal pole, lies between the collateral and occipitotemporal sulci.
The medial occipitotemporal gyrus
lies lateral to the occipitotemporal sulcus, which is continuous, rounds the infero-lateral margin of the hemispheres with the inferior temporal gyrus.
lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
it receives this name because some fibers of the internal capsule pass through and give then the striped appearance
corpus striatum or striated body
is situated lateral to the thalamus and is divided by the internal capsule into the
caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.
a large C-shaped mass of gray matter that arches superiorly over the thalamus and lies between the lateral ventricle medially and the internal capsule laterally
caudate nucleus (tail-like)
is a wedge-shaped mass of gray matter whose broad convex base is directed laterally and its blade medially
lentiform nucleus:
is situated in the temporal lobe close to the uncus on the tip of the tail of the caudate nucleus. It has olfactory function.
amygdaloid nucleus or amygdala
Putamen
lentiform nucleus is divided into:
Globus Pallidus ,
is a thin sheet of gray matter that is separated from the lateral surface of the lentiform nucleus by the external capsule and from the Insula lobe by the extreme capsule.
Claustrum nucleus
White matter of the cerebral hemispheres, fibers may be classified into three groups according to their connections
The commissural fibers.
The association fibers.
The projection fibers.
These fibers run between the two hemispheres specifically they interconnect the same gray areas of the right and left hemispheres
commissural fibers
connects the right and left amygdalas, the olfactory bulbs, and several cortical regions of the two temporal lobes
anterior commissure:
connects the right and left pretectal region and related cell groups of the mesencephalon
posterior commissure
joins the right and left hippocampi to one another
fornix
connect different part of the same hemisphere. It is divide into short and long groups.
association fibers
it lies immediately beneath the cortex and connect neighboring or adjacent cortical areas or gyri.
short association fibers
connect widely separated cortical lobes
long association fibers
