lecture 4

Question 1

is irregularly convex and has a deep hollow called Vallecula that separated the cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 1

Inferior surface:

Question 2

originate exclusively in theinferioroliveand make excitatory projections onto the cerebellar nuclei and onto thePurkinjecellsof the cerebellar cortex

Answer 2

Climbing fibers

Question 3

cortex of the cerebellum is folded by many parallel transverse fissures in to the

Answer 3

cerebellar Folia

Question 4

is formed by the cerebellum, the superior part is formed by the

Answer 4

Superior Medullary Velum

Question 5

superior surface of the cerebellum and separated by the V- shaped

Answer 5

primary fissure

Question 6

superior cerebellar peduncle, primarily contains efferent fibers from the cerebellar nuclei

Answer 6

interposed and dentate

Question 7

which is found only in mammals and is largest in humans

Answer 7

Neocerebellum

Question 8

which is the only component of the cerebellum in fishes and in lower amphibians.

Answer 8

Archicerebellum

Question 9

are four masses of gray matter embedded in the white matter of the cerebellum on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial these nuclei are

Answer 9

intracerebellar nuclei

Question 10

comprises theflocculonodular lobeand receives input from the vestibular nerve and nuclei.

Answer 10

Vestibulocerebellum

Question 11

are very small, densely packed neurons that account for the huge majority of neurons in the cerebellum.

Answer 11

Granule cells:

Question 12

It is associated with fine voluntary movements.

Answer 12

posterior lobe (neocerebellum

Question 13

The cerebellar cortex has a relatively simple, stereotyped connectivity pattern that is identical throughout the whole structure.

Answer 13

Connectivity

Question 14

The cerebellum plays a major role in ___to make accurate movements through a trial-and-error process

Answer 14

adapting and fine-tuning motor programs

Question 15

is the outer one layer, molecular layer is form by

Answer 15

stellate cell , basket cells, golgi cells.

Question 16

covered superiorly by the __ that separate from the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.

Answer 16

Tentorium Cerebelli

one of the expansion of the dura mater

Question 17

They are called mossy fibers because of the tufted appearance of their synaptic contacts with granule cells, known as ____

Answer 17

glomerulus

Question 18

associated with the vestibular system, playing key role in maintaining balance and controlling eye movement.

Answer 18

flocculonodular lobe (archicerebellum)

Question 19

it modulates commands to motor neurons to compensate for shifts in body position or changes in load upon muscles

Answer 19

vestibular receptors and proprioceptors

Question 20

cerebellum consists of two Cerebellar Hemispheres joined by a narrow median

Answer 20

Vermis

Question 21

run parallel to the folds of the cerebellar cortex, where they make excitatory synapses withPurkinjecellsalong the way.

Answer 21

parallelfibers

Question 22

inferior cerebellar peduncle, Primarily contains afferent fibers from the contralateral

Answer 22

inferior olivary nuclei, dorsal spinocerebellar tract and from the vestibular nerve and nuclei.

Question 23

is the internal layer, is formed by the ____ and _____

Answer 23

granule cells, Golgi cells.(Granule cell layer)

Question 24

is the largest of the cerebellar nuclei, located lateral to the interposed nuclei

Answer 24

dentate nucleus

Question 25

originate in the pontine nuclei, the spinal cord, the brainstem reticular formation, and the vestibular nuclei

Answer 25

Mossy fibers

Question 26

is a double layer of pia matter that lies in the inferior medullary velum of the fourth ventricle

Answer 26

Tela Choroidea

Question 27

The inferior part of the roof is formed by the

Answer 27

Inferior Medullary Velum and its Tela Choroidea.

Question 28

which is present in higher amphibians and is large in reptiles and birds.

Answer 28

Paleocerebellum

Question 29

comprise the emboliform nucleus and the globose nucleus

Answer 29

interposed nuclei 

Question 30

middle cerebellar peduncle, contains afferent fibers from the

Answer 30

contralateral pontine nuclei, the pontocerebellar fibers

Question 31

excitatory transmitter is

Answer 31

Glutamate

Question 32

is formed by the flocculus, peduncles, and nodule,

Answer 32

flocculonodular lobe

Question 33

the blood vessels of the tela choroidea form a rich vascular fringe that projects in the cavity of the fourth ventricle to form the

Answer 33

choroid plexus. 

Question 34

has the tent-shape, with the center in upward position and the lateral sides in downward position (slopes downward).

Answer 34

Superior surface

Question 35

It receives input from the vermis and from cerebellar afferents that carry vestibular, proximal somatosensory, auditory, and visual information.

Answer 35

fastigial nucleus

Question 36

One major function of the cerebellum is to _______ of these different muscle groups to produce fluid limb or body movements.

Answer 36

coordinate the timing and force

Question 37

gross movements of the head and body.

Answer 37

anterior lobe Functionally related to the

Question 38

is the largest functional division of the human cerebellum, comprising the lateral hemispheres and the dentate nuclei.

Answer 38

Cerebrocerebellum

Question 39

inhibitory transmitter is the

Answer 39

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 40

is the middle layer, contains a single row of bodies of purkinje cells.

Answer 40

Purkinje cell layer

Question 41

has the anterior cerebellar notch

Answer 41

Anterolateral or anterior border

Question 42

comprises the vermis and the intermediate zones of the cerebellar cortex, as well as the fastigial and interposed nuclei

Answer 42

Spinocerebellum (cuneocerebellar)

Question 43

has the posterior cerebellar notch.

Answer 43

Posterolateral or posterior border

Question 44

cerebellar cortex layer

Answer 44

molecular layer purkinje cell layer granular layer: inner layer