Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 3 > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the most complex system in our

body, which is composed of neurons or nerve cells with their processes, neuroglia cells, and blood vessels

A

Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

regulate, initiate, process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ability of the nervous system

A

Receive Conduct Process Store Release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It forms a slipper-shaped plate

A

neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nervous system develops from

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lateral edges soon become elevated to form the

A

neural folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

caudal portion of the neural tube becomes the

A

Spinal Cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

wall of the neural tube consist of

A

neuroepithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

give rise to the primitive nerve cells,

A

Neuroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neuroblast cells accumulate around the

neuroepithelial layer and form the so-called

A

Mantle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The lateral layer of the spinal cord is known as the

A

Marginal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which gives this layer the significant white color and therefor this part is called the

A

white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

thin wall region that overlies the notochord.

A

Floor plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

both floor plate and notochord produce

A

protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thick wall region lying either side of the floor plate lying either side of the floor plate

A

Basal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

develop here and extend axons out of the spinal cord to innervate developing skeletal muscle

A

ventral horn motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thick wall region lying either side of the roof plate

A

Alar plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

develop there and receive axons from the sensory

structures outside the spinal cord.

A

sensory dorsal horn neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thin wall region that underlies the dorsal ectoderm epithelium

A

Roof plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dorsal patterns the spinal cord, the roof plate produces

A

Bone morphogenetic proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

neuroepithelium lined fluid-filled space continuous with the brain ventricular system.

A

Lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

It connects the central nervous system to the organs or viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

those that carry impulses from peripheral receptor to the central nervous system

A

Afferent (sensory, centripetal) fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

these carry impulses from the peripheral receptor (skin, skeletal musculature and bones) to the central nervous system

A

Somatic afferent (somatic sensory) fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

carry impulses from the internal organs to the central nervous system

A

Visceral afferent (visceral sensory) fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

those that carry impulses from the C.N.S to the muscles or glands

A

Efferent (motor, centrifugal) fibres:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

carry impulses from the C.N.S to the skeletal muscles

except the pharyngeal arch musculature

A

Somatic efferent (somatic motor) fibres:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

carry impulses from the C.N.S to the smooth muscle of the body, cardiac muscle and glands (including pharyngeal arch muscles)

A

Visceral efferent (visceral motor) fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

is the part of the nervous system concerned with the innervation of voluntary structure skeletal muscle

A

somatic (voluntary) nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

is the part of the nervous system concerned with the

innervation of the involuntary structure, such as the heart, smooth muscle and glands within the body

A

autonomic (visceral or vegetative) nervous system

31
Q

is the primitive organization, is the part of the nervous system that has direct afferent and efferent relation with the rest of the organism

A

Segmentary nervous system

32
Q

is a new organization, as a result of develop of the encephalon, and the senses organs

A

Suprasegmentary nervous system:

33
Q

is the part of the C.N.S that has

direct afferent and efferent relation with the segmentary nervous system. It is formed by

A

cerebellum and cerebrum.

34
Q

Types of cells

A

The neuron

The neuroglia

35
Q

is the structural and functional unit of the
nervous system, are excitable cells that are specialized for the reception of stimuli and the conduction of the nerve impulse

A

Neuron

36
Q

consists of a single large rounded euchromatic and usually centrally located nucleus surrounded by
cytoplasm.

A

Cell body or perikaryon

37
Q

cytoplasm contains all the usually cellular organelles

but abundant

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes

38
Q

under the light microscope appear as basophilic granular areas called

A

Nissl bodies

39
Q

At the beginning of an axon and the axon itself

there is no Nissl body or substance

A

Axon Hillock

40
Q

are usually short and divide like branches of the tree, they have a similar structure to the cell body except that they contain no or few Golgi apparatus

A

Dendrites

41
Q

is a cylindrical process that varies in length and diameter according to the type of neuron

A

Axon

42
Q

in myelinated fibers the portion of the axon between the axon hillock and the point at which myelination begin is thinner and it is called

A

Initial segment

43
Q

Types of nerve cells

A
  1. Apolar.
  2. Unipolar.
  3. Bipolar.
  4. Pseudounipolar.
  5. Multipolar nerve cell.
44
Q

have no processes e.g. neuroblasts, taste buds, cell in

the inner ear

A

Apolar

45
Q

they contain only one axon but no dendrites, e.g.

neuroblast, rod and cons of the retina and olfactory cell.

A

Unipolar:

46
Q

they contain one axon and one dendrite, e.g. second

neurons in the retina, ganglion cells VIII cranial nerve

A

Bipolar

47
Q

contains only one process that after a short

distance from the cell body divides in to two in the form of “T”, e.g. sensory neuron of spinal ganglion

A

Pseudounipolar

48
Q

they contain an axon and numerous dendrites. Tow types of multipolar nerve cell can be recognized

A

Multipolar nerve cell

49
Q

the area that receives the information to be propagated.

A

Input component

50
Q

the trigger or spike initiation zone is the area of the neuron where the all or none action potential is generated

A

Trigger component

51
Q

the area responsible for propagating the action potential

A

Conductive component

52
Q

the area responsible for the release of neurotransmitters

A

Output component

53
Q

No excitable cell, forms the major component of nervous tissue. It serves as supporting, insulating and nourishing the neuron

A

Neuroglia

54
Q

Type of neuroglia

A 
Oligodendrocyte
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microglia
Neurolemma or
Schwann cells
55
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes derived from macrophages

A

Microglia

56
Q

Produce myelin in the central nervous system.

A

Oligodendrocytes

57
Q

Produce myelin in the peripheral nervous systemenvelop 1 internode and they produce and support the sheath

A

Schwann Cells

58
Q

Line the ventricles and choroid plexus
• Ventricles: cavities in the CNS filled with CerebroSpinal Fluid
• Choroid plexus: a collection of vessels within the ventricles
that secrete CSF

A

Ependyma/Choroidal Cells

59
Q

are found mainly in the white matter, has small cell bodies, their processes are long, slender, smooth and not much branches

A

Fibrous astrocytes:

60
Q

are found mainly in the gray matter, has cell bodies, their processes are shorter, thicker, and more branched

A

Protoplasmic astrocyte

61
Q

Fibrous and protoplasmic types.
• Influence embryonic growth or retraction of neurites.
• Regulate chemical contents in the extracellular space.
• Restrict the spread of neurotransmitters
• Regulate the concentration of potassium
• Possess neurotransmitter receptors.
• Extend end feet on CNS neurons to form glial limiting membranes which regulate nutrient passage

A

Astrocytes-star-shaped cell

62
Q

Consist mainly of nerve cell bodies (corpus neuronal), with their dendrites and synaptic contacts.

A

Gray matter or substance

63
Q

is composed of myelinated nerve fibers, glial cells and blood vessels (it has a white color due to the presence of lipid material in the myelin sheaths)

A

White matter or substance

64
Q

Each myelinated neuron is covered by a connective

tissue layer called

A

endoneurium

65
Q

Groups of nerve fibers form fascicles which are

covered by

A

perineurium

66
Q

Fascicles bound together form a nerve which is

covered by

A

epineurium

67
Q

The reflexes are mediated by chains of neurons called

A

Reflex Arch

68
Q

defined as rapid, automatic motor responses to stimuli

A

reflexes

69
Q

this is the site where the stimulus acts and is transformed into nerve impulse

A

receptor

70
Q

this transmits the afferent impulses to the C.N.S

A

sensory neuron

71
Q

lies in the C.N.S can be a single synapse between the sensory and motor neurons or multiple synapses in more complex reflex

A

integration center

72
Q

This conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector.

A

motor neuron

73
Q

this is the muscle or gland cell that responds to the efferent impulses by contracting or secreting

A

effector

Anatomy 3 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions