Lecture 6

Question 1

block hepatic synthesis of cholesterol, but do not block intestinal uptake; block HMG-CoA reductase enzyme and by lowering production of prenylated proteins

Answer 1

statins

Question 2

bind to bile and prevent intestinal uptake

Answer 2

bile acid resins

Question 3

reduce intestinal uptake

Answer 3

soluble fiber

Question 4

requires high doses and may have serious side effects, can be used in patients who do not tolerate statins

Answer 4

niacin (vitamin B3)

Question 5

blocks intestinal absorption by blocking the NPC1L1 protein; most often used in combination with a statin

Answer 5

ezetimibe

Question 6

condition that involves family history and high LDL cholesterol that causes heart attacks at young ages

Answer 6

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)

Question 7

large particles that carry dietary lipid into initial circulation; composed mostly of triglycerides and phospholipids with little cholesterol

Answer 7

chylomicrons

Question 8

carry endogenous triglyceride and some cholesterol; assembled in the liver from triglycerides, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins

Answer 8

very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

Question 9

carry cholesterol esters and triglycerides; formed from the degradation of very low density lipoproteins

Answer 9

intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)

Question 10

carry cholesterol esters; synthesized in liver and can pick up cholesterol from cells by interaction with ABC transporters

Answer 10

high density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 11

produced in liver, stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the duodenum after eating; act as a surfactant to emulsify lipids in food and form micelles containing monoglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol

Answer 11

bile salts

Question 12

Functions of cholesterol in the body

Answer 12

component of myelin sheath, chemical backbone for synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids, component of lipid rafts and necessary for proper functioning of “coated pits” during endocytosis process

Question 13

transcription factors controlling fatty acid and cholesterol de novo synthesis

Answer 13

SREBP 1 and 2

Question 14

carry cholesterol esters; each particle contains an apolipoprotein B-100 along with 80-100 additional ancillary proteins; have hydrophobic cores containing polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate along with 1500 esterified and non-esterified cholesterol molecules

Answer 14

low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 15

located in lipid rafts and participates in uptake of LDL particles via clathrin coated pits and receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 15

low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)

Question 16

proteins that bind lipids to form lipoproteins; transport the lipids through the lymphatic and circulatory systems

Answer 16

apolipoproteins

Question 17

presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood

Answer 17

hypercholesterolemia

Question 18

HDL level in blood; HDL remove fat molecules from macrophages in artery walls

Answer 18

good cholesterol

Question 19

LDL level in blood; LDL transport their content into artery walls, attract macrophages and drive atherosclerosis

Answer 19

bad cholesterol

Question 20

process of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin building up in the inner lining of an artery; build up is called plaque

Answer 20

atherosclerosis