Lecture 11

Question 1

muscle enriched in type 1 myosin that generate energy for ATP re-synthesis by means of a long-term anaerobic energy transfer; rich in mitochondria and myoglobin giving them red pigmentation; fatigue resistant

Answer 1

slow twitch muscle

Question 2

enriched in type 2 myosin and use a glycolytic system for energy generation and can contract with greater speed and strength; rapid fatigue

Answer 2

fast twitch muscle

Question 3

energy source for muscle during prolonged exercise; determinant of the duration of prolonged exercise before its depletion leads to fatigue

Answer 3

muscle glycogen

Question 4

condition caused by depletion of glycogen stores in the liver and the muscles which causes sudden fatigue and reduction in energy

Answer 4

“hitting the wall”

Question 5

contain triglycerides and are the source of free fatty acids in blood used more during prolonged exercise as muscle glycogen is depleted and energy demands can’t be met by glucose

Answer 5

fat deposits

Question 6

required for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria during the breakdown of lipids (free fatty acids) for the generation of metabolic energy

Answer 6

carnitine

Question 7

process whereby the individual attempts to maximize the glycogen stores in liver and muscle immediately prior to athletic event

Answer 7

carbohydrate loading

Question 8

enzymes that sit at the juncture of lipid synthesis and lipid oxidation pathways; drugs affecting their regulation could impact treatment of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndromes

Answer 8

Acetyl coenzyme carboxylase 1 and 2

Question 9

hormone produced by the kidney that controls red blood cell production; increasing this could increase number of red blood cells that increases oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and therefore increase muscular performance

Answer 9

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 10

muscle glycogen content was directly measured for the first time using a ______

Answer 10

needle biopsy method