Lecture 5

Question 1

catabolic process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate with the resulting production of ATP

Answer 1

glycolysis

Question 2

catabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in eukaryotic mitochondria into Acetyl-CoA, which feeds into the Krebs cycle and produces ATP

Answer 2

beta oxidation of fatty acids

Question 3

produced from Acetyl-CoA and is important for membrane stability and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of Vitamin D, Steroids, and Bile Salts

Answer 3

cholesterol

Question 4

enzyme catalyzing the first committed step of cholesterol biosynthesis; tightly regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels

Answer 4

HMG-CoA Reductase

Question 5

transcriptional factor that is key in the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase gene transcription

Answer 5

SREBP (Sterol Regulatory Binding Protein)

Question 6

pharmaceutical drug used to lower cholesterol and acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase; inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts; inhibit formation of prenylated proteins

Answer 6

statin

Question 7

drug used to treat conditions of low bone mass such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta; acts by inhibiting the synthesis of Geranyl-PP and Farnessyl-PP needed for prenylation of proteins; acts on osteoclasts involved in bone resorption to prevent them from forming a sealing zone necessary for resorption of bone

Answer 7

bisphosphonate

Question 8

post-translational modification of certain proteins; rxn adds a hydrophobic group to cysteine residues near the c-terminal end of the proteins serves to anchor the proteins in the membrane

Answer 8

prenylation

Question 9

cholesterol is required as a precursor for ______

Answer 9

vitamin D, steroids, and bile salts

Question 10

major component of myelin sheaths that are synthesized by glial cells and surround axons in vertebrates

Answer 10

cholesterol

Question 11

most of the cholesterol is synthesized mainly in what 2 organs

Answer 11

liver (mainly) and small intestine

Question 12

rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

Answer 12

production of mevalonate from HMG-CoA by HMG-CoA reductase

Question 13

transcription factor controlling synthesis of reductase mRNA

Answer 13

SREBP (Sterol Regulatory Binding Protein)

Question 14

cholesterol synthesis occurs most at what part of the day?

Answer 14

at night

Question 15

made in the liver and stores in the gallbladder

Answer 15

bile and bile salts

Question 16

major way that cholesterol is eliminated from the body

Answer 16

bile salts excretion

Question 17

act as the detergent to emulsify lipids

Answer 17

bile salts

Question 18

aggregates of lipids like fatty acids, cholesterol, and monoglycerides that remain suspended in water

Answer 18

micelles