Lecture 1

Question 1

organisms that do not have a distinct nuclear compartment to house their DNA; bacteria and archaea are the two major classes

Answer 1

prokaryotic

Question 2

organisms that house their DNA in a distinct subcellular compartment

Answer 2

eukaryotic

Question 3

outer cell membrane component found in many Gram-Negative bacteria that can activate hose inflammatory responses

Answer 3

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 4

highly structured polymer of alternating N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues in which each chain is cross-linked to adjacent chains by a short polypeptide

Answer 4

peptidoglycan

Question 5

organisms that metabolize sugars to derive energy; decrease pH

Answer 5

saccharolytic bacteria

Question 6

organisms that use amino acids to derive energy; increase pH

Answer 6

asacharolytic bacteria

Question 7

cooperating community of microorganisms existing with a matrix attached to a surface

Answer 7

biofilm

Question 8

combined total of all proteins contained within a tissue or body fluid

Answer 8

proteome

Question 9

tooth decay or cavities formed by specific types of bacteria in the enamel and dentin

Answer 9

caries

Question 10

soft biofilm that builds up on the teeth due to the attachment of bacteria to the tooth surface

Answer 10

plaque

Question 11

harden form of plaque that builds up on teeth due to the deposition of minerals into the plaque

Answer 11

calculus (tartar)

Question 12

thin protein layer that forms on the surface of the enamel by binding of glycoproteins present in the saliva

Answer 12

pellicle

Question 13

polysaccharide built from glucose monomers obtained from sucrose by glucosyltransferase produced by S. mutans

Answer 13

glucans

Question 14

polysaccharide built from fructose monomers obtained from sucrose by fructosyltransferase produced by S. mutans

Answer 14

fructans

Question 15

selective barrier and enables cells to maintain integrity to function as a coordinated chemical system

Answer 15

plasma membrane

Question 16

store house of genetic info

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

lipid and protein biosynthesis and intracellular Ca2+ store

Answer 17

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

major site of carb synthesis, sorting, and dispatching of products made in the ER

Answer 18

golgi

Question 19

site of energy metabolism and has a distinct genome separate from nuclear DNA

Answer 19

mitochondria

Question 20

site of intracellular digestion of macromolecules using acid hydrolases

Answer 20

lysosomes

Question 21

cariogenic bacteria produce extracellular polysaccharides from _____

Answer 21

sucrose

Question 22

main causal agents for caries

Answer 22

Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus fermentum

Question 23

in patients with healthy dentition and no periodontal disease, most bacteria in dental biofilms are gram ____

Answer 23

positive

Question 24

saccharolytic bacteria mainly ferment ____ to a final end product of ______

Answer 24

sugars; lactic acid

Question 25

main product of parotid glands

Answer 25

serous saliva

Question 26

main product of minor glands

Answer 26

mucos saliva

Question 27

main product of the sublingual and submandibular glands

Answer 27

mixed mucous and serous saliva

Question 28

fluid secreted into the gingival sulcus that functions in cleansing the sulcus, improving adhesion of the epithelium to the tooth, antimicrobial properties, and antibody defense of the gingiva

Answer 28

gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)