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MIMM211 > LECTURE 6 > Flashcards

LECTURE 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the morphology of the prokaryotic cell?

A
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2
Q

what are the layers of gram negative envelopes?

A

3 layers:
cytoplasmic membrane (inner or plasma)
cell wall (peptidoglycan)
outer membrane

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3
Q

what are the layers of gram positive envelopes?

A

2 layers
cytoplasmic membrane (inner or plasma)
cell wall (peptidoglycan)

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4
Q

what are the layers of mycoplasma envelopes?

A

cytoplasmic membrane (inner or plasma membrane)

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5
Q

what is between the plasma membrane and the peptidoglycan?

A

the periplasmic space

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6
Q

how do molecules go through the peptidoglycan?

A

the mesh is very large, anything can go through

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7
Q

what is on the surface of the gram positive envelope?

A

lipoteichoic acid and teichoic acid

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8
Q

what is on the surface of the gram negative envelope?

A

O-specific side chains
porin
Braun’s lipoprotein
lipopolysaccharide

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9
Q

what percentage of the plasma membrane’s weight is proteins?

A

50% of the dry weight

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10
Q

what is the thickness of the peptidoglycan cell wall in gram positive vs negative?

A

very thick around gram positive cells
thin around gram negative cells

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11
Q

what are the functions of the peptidoglycan cell wall?

A

chain mail around the cell
give the cell its shape and rigidity
withstand osmotic pressure

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12
Q

why do cells need to withstand osmotic pressure?

A

cells in media are in hypotonic solutions, because the inside is highly concentrated with all the cell stuff
water tends to go in, which can call swelling
the cell wall protects against bursting

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13
Q

what is the peptidoglycan cell wall composed of?

A

peptidoglycan (murein)
peptide + polysaccharide

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14
Q

what do the glycans and the peptides do in the peptidoglycan

A

glycan: long chain of alternating sugars
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

peptides: cross links between adjacent chains on NAM

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15
Q

how are the cross links organised?

A

peptide chain between NAM glycans
on alternating sides so that there are no weak spots

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16
Q

what are the peptidoglycan cross links in gram negative cells?

A

direct link between the peptide chains

17
Q

what are the peptidoglycan cross links in gram positive cells?

A

there is a peptide interbridge made of 5 glycines

MIMM211 (30 decks)

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