CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

antiseptics characteristics

A

liquids

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2
Q

how do biocides activate multidrug resistance?

A
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3
Q

disinfectant characteristics

A
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4
Q

what are the mechanisms of action of alcohols

A

ethanol, isopropanol
denature proteins
dissolve lipids in membrane
practical use is 60-70% EtOH for 10-15 minute

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5
Q

what are the mechanisms of action of phenolics

A

and phenol derivatives (triclosan, lysol) disrupt cell membrane and denatures proteins

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6
Q

what are the mechanisms of action of aldehydes

A

glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde
highly reactive, crosslink with nucleic acid and proteins to inactivate them
very toxic

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7
Q

what are the mechanisms of action of halogens

A

Cl-O-H is hypochlorous acid

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8
Q

what are gaseous ways of microbial control

A

sterilants and disinfectant

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9
Q

gas sterilants and disinfectant characteristics

A
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10
Q

what are modern approaches to surface contaminations

A

self sterilizing surfaces
- copper and other antibacterial material coated surfaces
- nanopillar mediated killing of bacteria

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11
Q

what are mechanical methods of microbial control?

A

air filtration and liquid filtration
both sterilise

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12
Q

liquid filtration system characteristics

A
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13
Q

air filtration system characteristics

A
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14
Q

why does antimicrobial control fail?

A
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15
Q

what are biofilms?

A
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16
Q

where can biofilms be found?

17
Q

how do biofilms resist biocides and antibiotics?

18
Q

how do biofilms form

A

formed from individual bacteria on abiotic surfaces
formation of mushroom like structures

19
Q

how do you determine which method to use?

20
Q

what methods of antimicrobial control are used in a grocery store?

A

air and liquid filtration
pasteurization and gamma rays
disinfectant

21
Q

what methods of antimicrobial control are used in a microbiology lab?

A

air and liquid filtration
steam autoclave and UV
gas sterilants, chemotherapy and disinfectant

22
Q

what methods of antimicrobial control are used in a hospital?

A

air and liquid filtration
incineration, steam autoclave, gamma, UV
gas sterilants, antiseptics, chemotherapy, disinfectant
(everything except boiling and pasteurization)

23
Q

what are the levels of biosafety and laboratory methods for each of those methods

24
Q

what are factors to consider when trying to limit transmission

25
what is PPE
26
how is ebola virus transmitted
27
which factors of transmission does ebola have?
mode of transmission: contact and droplets infectious dose: low no treatment animal vector (bats) can infect normal people, don't necessarily have to be susceptible