CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS 2 Flashcards
antiseptics characteristics
liquids
how do biocides activate multidrug resistance?
disinfectant characteristics
what are the mechanisms of action of alcohols
ethanol, isopropanol
denature proteins
dissolve lipids in membrane
practical use is 60-70% EtOH for 10-15 minute
what are the mechanisms of action of phenolics
and phenol derivatives (triclosan, lysol) disrupt cell membrane and denatures proteins
what are the mechanisms of action of aldehydes
glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde
highly reactive, crosslink with nucleic acid and proteins to inactivate them
very toxic
what are the mechanisms of action of halogens
Cl-O-H is hypochlorous acid
what are gaseous ways of microbial control
sterilants and disinfectant
gas sterilants and disinfectant characteristics
what are modern approaches to surface contaminations
self sterilizing surfaces
- copper and other antibacterial material coated surfaces
- nanopillar mediated killing of bacteria
what are mechanical methods of microbial control?
air filtration and liquid filtration
both sterilise
liquid filtration system characteristics
air filtration system characteristics
why does antimicrobial control fail?
what are biofilms?
where can biofilms be found?
how do biofilms resist biocides and antibiotics?
how do biofilms form
formed from individual bacteria on abiotic surfaces
formation of mushroom like structures
how do you determine which method to use?
what methods of antimicrobial control are used in a grocery store?
air and liquid filtration
pasteurization and gamma rays
disinfectant
what methods of antimicrobial control are used in a microbiology lab?
air and liquid filtration
steam autoclave and UV
gas sterilants, chemotherapy and disinfectant
what methods of antimicrobial control are used in a hospital?
air and liquid filtration
incineration, steam autoclave, gamma, UV
gas sterilants, antiseptics, chemotherapy, disinfectant
(everything except boiling and pasteurization)
what are the levels of biosafety and laboratory methods for each of those methods
what are factors to consider when trying to limit transmission
what is PPE
how is ebola virus transmitted
which factors of transmission does ebola have?
mode of transmission: contact and droplets
infectious dose: low
no treatment
animal vector (bats)
can infect normal people, don’t necessarily have to be susceptible
