LECTURE 5

Question 1

what is the bacterial cell wall made of?

Answer 1

peptidoglycan

Question 2

how much larger than prokaryotes are eukaryotes?

Answer 2

eukaryotic cells are 10 times larger

Question 3

what are the different shapes of prokaryotic cells and their names?

Answer 3

• spherical/ellipsoidal
  cocci
• cylindrical or rodlike
  bacilli
• helical or spiral
  spirilla or vibrio
• other
  irregular

Question 4

what are the different arrangements of cocci?

Answer 4

cocci
diplococci (2)
streptococci (chains)
tetrad (4)
sarcinae (2 tetrads stuck together)
staphylococci (random but a lot stuck together)

Question 5

what are the different arrangements of bacilli?

Answer 5

Question 6

what are bacterial colony morphologies in form, elevation and margin?

Answer 6

Question 7

what are other colony morphologies?

Answer 7

texture: smooth or rough
appearance: shiny or dull
pigmentation: non pigmented or colored
optical property: opaque or transparent

Question 8

how do bacterial and human cells compare in diameter, surface area, volume, and SA:volume ratio?

Answer 8

Question 9

what does the large SA:volume ratio of bacteria cells allow them to do?

Answer 9

allows them to grow much faster

Question 10

what is an example of a giant bacteria?

Answer 10

epulopiscium fishelsoni
gram positive
found in gut of brown surgeon fish
symbiotic relationship with the fish
identified as a protozoan bc of its size
a million times larger than E.coli

Question 11

what is another example of a giant bacteria?

Answer 11

thiomargarita namibiensis
grame negative
sulfur purl of namibia
found in ocean sediments
100 times larger than the fish bacteria
size of a period at the end of a sentence
blue whale compared to new born mouse

Question 12

what is special about the cytoplasm of the thiomargarita namibiensis?

Answer 12

small cytoplasm pushed to the sides
most of the space is taken up by sulfur and nitrogen vacuoles

Question 13

what is a third giant bacteria?

Answer 13

thiomargatica magnifica
gram negative
found in guadelopean mangroves
almost 1cm
size of an eyelash

Question 14

what is an example of a giant algae?

Answer 14

valonia ventricosa
sea grape/sailor’s eyeball
tropical and subtropical regions of various oceans
diameter of 5cm
bigger than a golf ball
one single cell
polyploid

Question 15

what is an example of a tiny eukaryote?

Answer 15

nanochlorum eukaryotum
green algae
10 times smaller than a human cell
size range of typical bacterial cell
but it has all the elements: nucleus,one mitochondrion, one chloroplast