Lecture 6 Flashcards
What is the patterning of the head, body and limb movements relative to the patterning of the environmental objects and events?
Coordination
* your movement patterns are releated to your setting
What is the number of independent components of the system and the number of ways each component can vary?
Degrees of freedom
* this is refering to all the degrees of freedom - head to toe
think about the wrist having two degrees of freedom
also depends on the task - simple tasks (writing on a peice of paper) require less degrees of freedom
* walking
Body needs to know how many degrees of freedom are needed so that it can coordinate muscles and joints to create movement
differeinate an open loop vs closed loop control system
In the open loop system you do the task and its done (no feedback = open loop = didnt connect back to brain)
In the closed loop system you do the task then get the feedback
Would a very discrete movement that only needs to happen once be open loop or closed control system?
Open loop
* does not require feedback for the system to improve
* think tapping pen - you don’t need feedback from your body to know if it was effective or not
Walking w/ a new pair of shoes. Would this be an open loop or closed loop control system?
Closed loop
You need that feedback to see if they fit right (might get a blister if you don’t get that feedback)
* You’re getting nociceptive sensory feedback
Is most feedback we get from a closed loop system sensory
Yes (shoe example)
In open or closed control system in which one do you think contorlling the degrees of freedom (leading to more coordinated body movement) is more important?
Closed loop
because the more feedback we get the more efficent we are at coordinating the limbs and controlling those degrees of freedom approperatly
activities that require a great deal of corodination - or have lots of movement components to them are open or closed loop
closed loop - we need that feedback to make us more effeicent at what were doing
KNOW: the two motor contol theries try to tell us how we learn how to move efficently
A memory based construct that controls coordinated movement
* something has to be in the memory in order of the individual to be able to utilize it to perform the coordinated movement
*
Motor program (Motor program based theroy)
The memory representation of a class of actions that share common invariant characteristics; basis for controlling a specific action with the class of actions
Generalized motor program (Motor program based theroy)
* essentially takes those motor programs and modifies them slightly to make new action happen
Unique set and charcateristics that do not vary from one performance of the action to another
Invariant features (motor program based therory)
Sitting in chair to standing up
* all compoents of that movement dont change each time you do it (the parts that dont change are your invariant features)
Features that can be varied from one performance of the action to another; must be added to the invarient feastures for the person to meet the skill demands of varying situations
Parameters
Essentially new parts of the task that you’ve never done before but piggy back on the invarient features
* think having an active fire alarm instead of a drill
* the invarient features are the things that are the same between the drill and real thing
* The paramateres are the features that would be varried from the invarient features (think speed / urgency changing would be parameters)
EX: Walking down the hallway what are the invarient features?
Now what changes if they now need to speed up
Invarient feautes: Hip flexion / extension / dorsiflexion / plantar flexion (etc…)
* these are essentailly things that don’t change from trial to trial
Parameters if they need to speed up: longer stride length / cadance / perpulsion
* essentailly adding things onto invarient features to adapt to the new environment
Lifting a gallon of water from the car:
* what are the invarient features
What would be the parameters w/ lefting two gallons
invarient features: Trunk flexion / extension / elbow flexion / finger flexion - etc…
Parameters: wider BOS
* basically anything that would impact the invarient features of that motion
A set of rules that serves to provide the basis for a decision
Schema
KNOW: The more you are exposed to different parameters the more likely you are to develop a set of rules for how you’re going to respond in that situation
* if you are frequently picking up water from the back of your car - your body will develop a schemia within that new parameter (which muscles to activate)
* essentially developing another motor program for it
* Called motor response schema
The more we do that new skill or action w/ thsoe new parameters the better at this new skill we get
Motor Program based theroy