Lecture 2 (ML) Flashcards
Can motor skills be reflexive?
No
Do motor skills have to have a goal?
Yes
Do motor skills have to have joint/limb movement?
Yes
Do motor skills have to be learned / relearned?
Yes
Acquistion, enhancement, reacquisition of a motor skill is
Motor learning
What is the relationship between motor skill and movement?
Often many movements come together to make motor skills
What are the 3 primary parts of motor ability (sub categories)
Balance
Timing (internal vs external)
Visual
Consciousness, awareness and cognitive effort as realted to performance of skills is known as _______
attention
If you can make the activity you’re doing more meaningful to the pt, it produces more rapid neurplasticity. What is the word for this?
Salience
Human information-processing system performs each of its functions in serial order and some of these functions can process only one piece of information at a time. Filter theory, Central-Resource theory, or multiple resource theory.
Filter theroy
Means you have all this stuff coming it but can only do stuff one at a time (may do it very fast so it looks like were doing it all at once)
* Only one thing will come out at a time
One main source of attentian resources for which activities requiring attention compete - the thing thats the most important is the one that gets addressed. (basically giant melting pot of stuff and your brain picks the most important to address first). Filter theory, Central-Resource theory, or multiple resource theory.
Central-Resource theroy
Several differnt attention mechanisms and each of those has a limited # of resources. Its almost as if you have multiple filters. Each resource is specific to a component of performing the skill. Filter theory, Central-Resource therpy, or multiple resource theory.
Multiple resource theory
Arousal, Attention demands, Allocation are all part of what attention model
NOTE: attention demands = amount of attention each task needs
Kahneman’s model (central resource theroy)
KNOW: Arousal is a general state of excitability of a person, reflected in activsation levels of the person’s emotional, mental and physiological systems. Its a spectrum from barley awake to through the roof
At what point are arousal levels best for attention
Not too high (cant be bouncing off the walls) or too low
What are the 3 components of KAHNEMANS model of attention (central resource theory)
1) Arousal
2) Attention demands - the requirements of the task (sometimes you have to pick and choose [car in rain talking to mom example])
3) Allocation - brain will always complete atleast one activity
KNOW: Anything unexpected in the environment will most likely get our attention first
What are the three sources of processing for the multiple resource theroy?
1) Input / Output (vision, limbs, speech)
2) Stages of information processing (perception / memory encoding etc.)
3) Codes of processing information (verbal codes, spatial codes)
proposing that there are several attentional resource mechanisms, each of which is related to a specific information processing activity and is limited in how much information it can process simultaneously. What theory is this?
Multiple resource theory
According to the multiple resource theory resources for processing information are aviliable from 3 different sources. What are they?
Basically saying that when we process there are 3 different resources for processing information (things taht we process).
(resources are the support systems that aid in the processing of information - they provide the necesary tools, capcities, or pathways for our cognitive system to handle and manage information effectively)
1) input and output modalities - these refer to the various ways we recieve information (input) and express our responses (output). Examples include vision, limbs (physical movement), and the speech system. This is one way we process information (or one resource we process information from)
2) Stages of Information Processing - infomration processing involves several stages, and resources are availabe at each stage. These stages inlude perception (interpereting information fromthe environment), memory encoding (processing andsotrying information), and response output (expressing a response based on processed information). These are different stages when we process information, like understanding what we see, remembering things, and responding
**3) Codes of processing information: **These codes include verbal codes (using language for processing), spatial codes (organizing information in space), and other coding system. (Our brain uses different codes, like words or space, to make sense of information)
Basically just 3 ways we process information
In the multiple resrouce theory how can we successfully multiy task sometimes and whats baring us from being able to other times?
Success in multi tasking depends on whether those tasks demand our attention from a common resource or from different resources
Explain what a broad and narrow focus width is
How big / how small the thing we need to focus on is
We want narrow focus at first and control all the peices and then move them to that broader focus environment
Define external direction of attention
External cues to keep them going or keep them moving on
Define internal direction of attention
Internal thoughts keeping their attention focused
If were multi tasking are we doing lots of attention switching?
Yes
KNOW: The more rapid you are attention switching the less likely you are to accomplish your task
Compare and contrast movement focus and movement effect focus
Movement focus = focus on the specifics of the movement and movement process/components (proably better early in the learning process)
Movement Effect Focus = focus on the intended outcome of the movement
* Better for skilled individual
