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PSYC 333 > lecture 6 > Flashcards

lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

emotional experience in USA vs Germany

A
  • Germany is an independent culture, but emotional experience is
    different from USA
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2
Q

Study 1

A

Examined differences in reaction to grief between European
Americans and Germans

Participants imagined their reactions to a close acquaintance losing a loved one

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3
Q

results of study 1

A

European Americans (vs. Germans) reported greater desire to avoid negative
emotions
Led to differences in how sympathy was expressed

European Americans more likely to send sympathy card that focuses on the positive

Germans more likely to send sympathy card that focuses on negative

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4
Q

multicultural identity

A

sense of belonging to 2 or more cultural groups

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5
Q

who is multicultural identity experienced by

A

immigrant families, ethnic minorities, indigenous people

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6
Q

acculturation

A

Process of learning and incorporating the values, beliefs, language,
customs and mannerisms of the new country/majority culture

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7
Q

Evidence of acculturation on

A

a psychological level

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8
Q

Study 2

A

915 immigrant women from Eastern Europe and Caribbean
living in USA compared to USA-born non-immigrant women

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9
Q

results of study 2

A

Longer amount of time they had spent in USA, the more
they fit mainstream American emotional norms ( r = 0.11)

  • i.e. More expressivity and less inhibition of emotions
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10
Q

generational emotional acculturations

A

How well does each immigrant generations’ emotional experience fit
with characteristic majority culture pattern?

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11
Q

study 3

A

Compared emotional fit between Turks and Belgians
* Turkish people in Turkey (“Turkish majority”)
* 1st generation Turkish immigrants in Belgium
* 2nd generation Turkish immigrants in Belgium
* Belgians in Belgium (“Belgian majority”)

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12
Q

how did they assess emotional fit by in study 3

A
  • Self-report answers to emotional experiences questionnaire
  • Average emotional experiences for each group
  • Compare Turkish majority and immigrants’ scores to Belgian majority
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13
Q

results of study 3

A

More contact a generation has with
Belgian culture, more emotional acculturation
* Turkish majority least like Belgians emotionally
* 2nd generation Turkish immigrants indistinguishable
from Belgians

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14
Q

what does study 3 show

A

evidence of emoional acculturation from one generation to the next

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15
Q

implications of acculturation findings

A

Minority individuals become psychologically more similar to majorityculture individuals

  • Does this mean that they lose their heritage culture?
  • Can new culture and heritage culture co-exist?
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16
Q

cultural frame switching

A

Multicultural individuals’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioural
reactions are context specific

  • Depend on which cultural identity is activated by the situation
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17
Q

cultural fram switchin in emotion study 4

A

Examined 2nd generation Turkish
immigrants’ emotional experience in Belgium

18
Q

results of study 4

A

Work/school: emotions more consistent with
characteristic Belgian pattern

Home: emotions fit characteristic Belgian and
Turkish patterns equally well

19
Q

what does study 4 result suggest

A

multicultural individuals flexibly
shift behaviour to fit culture that’s most salient
in a situation

20
Q

cultural frame switching in self-concept study 5

A

Do multicultural individuals engage in cultural frame-switching in
their self-descriptions?

21
Q

study 5 method

A

Recruited European-Canadian and Chinese born students
at a Canadian university

  • Wrote open-ended self-description: “Describe what you’re like as a person”
  • Coded writing for references to others and collective self-statement
  • Questionnaire assessing agreement with Chinese cultural views
22
Q

Experimental manipulation for

A

Chinese students

  • Study done in Chinese or study done in English
  • Language acting as a cultural prime
  • European Canadians all did study in English
23
Q

results study 5

A

Chinese participants’ self-descriptions are more characteristically Chinese when answering in Chinese than in English

24
Q

implications of cultural frame switching

A

Even though multicultural individuals undergo acculturation, their
heritage cultural identity and mainstream cultural identity can coexist

Can flexibly shift between cultures depending on which is most
salient

25
Q

integraton

A

participate in mainstream culture and hold onto heritage identity

26
Q

assimilation

A

participate in mainstream culture, give up heritage identity

27
Q

separation

A

hold onto heritage cutlure avoid mainstream culture

28
Q

marginalization

A

not participating in mainstream or heritage culture

29
Q

Which multicultural identity strategy a person adopts depends on

A

To what extent are they encouraged to hang on to heritage identity by larger
society

How much exposure do they have to the mainstream culture

How similar is the heritage identity to the mainstream identity

30
Q

navigating multicultural identity study 6

A

Study of immigrant youth from 26 different cultural
backgrounds and living in 13 different countries

31
Q

Psychological adaptation

A

degree of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and mental
health issues

32
Q

Sociocultural adaptation

A

school and behaviour problems (e.g., dropping out
of school, substance use)

33
Q

which strategy is most common

A

integration strategy most common

Integration strategy more common the
longer a person lives in the mainstream/
“new” culture

34
Q

results study 6

A

integration associated with best psychological and sociocultural adaptation, marginalization
associated with the worst adaptation

Separation associated with better psychological adjustment than assimilation
* Similar sociological adaptation

35
Q

implications of study 6

A

People are more reluctant to give up heritage cultural identity

  • Choose separation (23%) over assimilation (19%)
  • Giving up heritage identity (assimilation or marginalization) associated with poorer psychological adjustment than not identifying with mainstream culture (separation)
36
Q

what do the results of study 6 suggest

A

Suggests that multicultural individuals should be encouraged to
retain their heritage cultural identity as well as establish close ties
with new culture (integration)

37
Q

Independence

A

West, Global North, men, high SES,
businesses, liberal religious groups, and coasts

38
Q

Interdependence

A

East, Global South, women, low
SES, governments, conservative religious groups, and
heartlands

39
Q

Means that there are a lot of individual differences in
a person’s

A

social orientation within a culture

40
Q

A person’s social orientation towards independent or
interdependence will depend on

A

Their mix of cultures

What is salient in a given context

PSYC 333 (13 decks)

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