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PSYC 310 > lecture 6 > Flashcards

lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

We only use 10% of our brain.

A

false

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2
Q

Some of us are “left-brained” and some are “right-brained,” and this helps explain differences in how we learn.

A

false

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3
Q

Exercises that rehearse coordination of motor-perception skills
can improve literacy skills.

A

false

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4
Q

Individuals learn better when they receive information in their preferred learning style (e.g., auditory, visual, kinesthetic).

A

false- is actually a neuromyth

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5
Q

Mental capacity is genetic and cannot be changed by the environment or experience.

A

false

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6
Q

Brain development has finished by the time children reach puberty.

A

false

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7
Q

we use out braise 24h a day

A

true

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8
Q

There are specific periods in childhood after which certain
things can no longer be learned.

A

false

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9
Q

is there a point where it is easier to acquire language

A

true

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10
Q

what are the two big subtypes of biological theories

A

genetic and neuroscience theories

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11
Q

neuroscience theories have to completely accept the premise of what

A

the brain is where intelligence comes from

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12
Q

what are some old methods of predicting IQ scores

A

endocast and head circumferance

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13
Q

frenology

A

aspects of different personalities; the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities

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14
Q

head size was mostsly correlated with what

A

g

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15
Q

if your plexus correa produces too much liquid what happens

A

it causes pressure

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16
Q

intracranial pressure presents with what symptoms

A

pupils wont dilate, intense headaches… basically shows neurological symptoms

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17
Q

hemmorrhage shows with what symptoms

A

pupils wont function the same, nausea, vomitting, intense headaches

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18
Q

hydrocephalus

A

slight increase fo pressure- pushes on the brain- presents with cognitive difficulties- use an IQ test to see where those difficulties are

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19
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

same but without increased pressure- may not see clinical signs

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20
Q

dementia (normal pressure hydrophalus dementia)

A

normal pressure over time will limit the efficiency of how the brain ages

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21
Q

for people to find out if IQ score correlate differently with diff brain regions what would the researchers do?

A

brain lesions

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22
Q

flourens

A

french , studied pigeon brains- assessed the effect on behaviour- noticed many had no effect or consequences with the lesions- concluded only used 10% of brain -FALSE

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23
Q

broca

A

landmark because he showed there’s specialization in the brain

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24
Q

whats broca most known for

A

language production- the broca area- two patients that had lesions and made argument that some sub-specializations in the brain

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25
Q

difference between non fluent and fluent aphasia

A

brocas aphasia- few word come out
wernickes aphasia- word salad

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26
Q

Lashley

A

canadian- similar to flourence with rats and put them in mazes- he noticed that the amount of lesions(brain material you damage) that will be best predictor of performance

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27
Q

lashley came out with two principles

A

equipotentiality and mass action

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28
Q

mass action

A

efficacy of learning depends on the amount of cortex available

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29
Q

equipotentiality

A

one part of the brain can take over if another is lesioned

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30
Q

Gazzaniga

A

studying epilepsy patients- right brain and left brain was a paradigm- severed corpus callosum to prevent the spreading of electricity on both sides- by doing so he separated the brain into two- split brains

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31
Q

brenda milner

A

specific brain regions serve different purposes

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32
Q

BA

A

broadman area

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33
Q

broadman area is

A

post mortem- look at braind and depending on the brain they created a comenclature and separated the brain into 52 regions

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34
Q

significant brain damage did not always result in

A

dramatic lowering of IQ score

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35
Q

frontal or parietal damage related to

A

deficits in global IQ and scales of g factor

36
Q

what was the thoery about the four subscales

A

depending where you r lesion was, different part of the IQ test was going to be affected

37
Q

Perceptual organizaion if affected if

A

lesions in occipital lobe

38
Q

verbal comprehension is affected if

A

temporal left prefrontal is damaged

39
Q

working memory is affected if

A

parietal is damaged

40
Q

for processing speed what are the two specualtions of why it could be affected

A
  1. where processing speed sits in the brain
  2. accessed processing speed with visual input so thats why such a posterior contribution
41
Q

Structural imaging is

A

mushy stuff in the brain

42
Q

what does structural imaging do

A

inject a tracer and look at how the individual processes glucose and oxygen

43
Q

functional imagine is

A

function of the organ with the tracer

44
Q

why was nrain imaging so important

A

because you were able to see inside a persons head without trauma

45
Q

ct scans

A

computed tomography using x-rays

46
Q

mri

A

magnetic resonance functioning

47
Q

what does the mri do

A

reveals the structure of soft tissue in the body and uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce two or three-d images of brain structures

48
Q

there is a posiitve correlation with total brain volume and

A

IQ

49
Q

the positive correlation of total brain size and IQ is higher in

A

adults

50
Q

why are children less affected by the positive correlation of brain size and IQ

A

still develpoing and lots of specialization happening

51
Q

structural imagine showed highes correlations IQ/ G/ GF and grey matter are

A

prefrontal, parietal, occipital, and the cerebellum

52
Q

structural imagine correlations IQ and grey matter are MORE IMPORTANT in

A

prefrontal, parietal, and cingulate gyrus- limbic system

53
Q

brian density is more important in

A

prefrontal and limbic systems

54
Q

first neural myth key point

A

that statement was wildly exaggerated- they are false because of this

55
Q

why do the regions light up in functional resoning

A

realm of hydroactive component of the tracer being catched by the machine which allows to see the movement of oxygen/ consupmtion of glucose

56
Q

functional imagine means

A

activation

57
Q

activation means

A

use of glucose or oxygen in a certain area

58
Q

jung and haier

A

reviewed 37 structural and functional stufies

59
Q

what was considered to be most important for human intelligence after jun and haier results

A

discrete brain regions oof the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex

60
Q

the fronto parietal integration theory (PFIT) `

A

the distributed network of intelligence ; elucidates the critical interaction between association cortices within parietal and frontal brain regions which, when effectively linked by white matter structures

61
Q

areas consistently found with intelligent behaviour are

A

frontal and parietal lobes as well as white matter tracks connecting to these regions

62
Q

the distributed network of intelligence

A

brain integrated posterior areas then frther integration to higher level process in anterior areas

63
Q

what may the distributed network of intelligence explain

A

why 2 people can produce an intelligent behaviour with activating different regions

64
Q

various combination of recruiting different regions may produce

A

same intelligent output or different output, profile, or patterns

65
Q

idea of efficiency theory

A

are higher iq individuals just more effieicent with their body

66
Q

brain represents what percentage of the brain

A

2%

67
Q

what total percent of oxygen and glucose does the brain consume

A

20 and 25

68
Q

efficiency theory put more simply

A

more efficient machine will use its gas more effeicently

69
Q

haier were wondering

A

if low iq individuals might have less efficient brains, this is due to a failure of neural pruning

70
Q

neural pruning

A

normal developmental reduction of extra synapsis

71
Q

the efficiency hypothesis alternate hypothesis predictions

A

PET scan of low IQ individual would show lower activity
because of some kind of brain damage was assumed to be responsible for the low IQ.

PET scan of low IQ individual would show lower activity in
individuals with down syndrome because it was thought to be caused by a failure of neural pruning

72
Q

the efficiency hypothesis alternate hypothesis findings

A

The PET image showed more activities (i.e. yellow and red) through the brain in both low IQ groups compared to normal controls on the right.

They saw this as evidence for the efficiency hypothesis

73
Q

default mode network

A

metwork of brain regions that are active when an idnividual is awake and at rest - circuit of interconnected defined brain regions

74
Q

the default mode network activates when

A

individuals focus on internal tasks

75
Q

in passive tasks results showed

A

greater activation in specific posterior brain areas (left BA37/19) in high RAPM scorers

76
Q

subsequent passive task results showed

A

high/low RAPM group difference in
functional connectivity between left BA37/19 activity and the left
anterior cingulate/medial frontal gyrus

77
Q

take home message of passive tasks

A

higher iq individuals show greater activation even at rest

78
Q

short version passive task functional neruoimaging

A

found correlation with with their Ravens
score and activation in posterior area during the
mindless task. (Haier 2003). Later studies also did find link between frontal
activations and passive tasks like watching TV

79
Q

lower activation with

A

higher iq

80
Q

boiven

A

did PET with 33 subjects at ‘‘rest’’
(i.e., no specific g task) and found inverse and positive correlations
between frontal lobe activity and scores on the RAPM
and the WAIS

81
Q

boiven and haier

A

agree

82
Q

eeg

A

looking at brain waves

83
Q

simple version of eeg study

A

look at resting state- laying down then something beeps- then related potential is the brain wave recording - looka tht eshape after event of event related potential

84
Q

genera n1 is assumed to

A

reflect selective attention to basic stimulus characteristics, initial selection for later pattern recognition and intentional discrimination processingp

85
Q

P300 components is thought to

A

reflect higher cognitive response to unexpected and or cogntiively salient stuff

PSYC 310 (13 decks)

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